/*
Audio playback and capture library. Choice of public domain or MIT-0. See license statements at the end of this file.
miniaudio - v0.11.25 - 2026-03-04

David Reid - mackron@gmail.com

Website:       https://miniaud.io
Documentation: https://miniaud.io/docs
GitHub:        https://github.com/mackron/miniaudio
*/
#ifndef miniaudio_h
#define miniaudio_h

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#define MA_STRINGIFY(x)     #x
#define MA_XSTRINGIFY(x)    MA_STRINGIFY(x)

#define MA_VERSION_MAJOR    0
#define MA_VERSION_MINOR    11
#define MA_VERSION_REVISION 25
#define MA_VERSION_STRING   MA_XSTRINGIFY(MA_VERSION_MAJOR) "." MA_XSTRINGIFY(MA_VERSION_MINOR) "." MA_XSTRINGIFY(MA_VERSION_REVISION)

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
    #pragma warning(push)
    #pragma warning(disable:4201)   /* nonstandard extension used: nameless struct/union */
    #pragma warning(disable:4214)   /* nonstandard extension used: bit field types other than int */
    #pragma warning(disable:4324)   /* structure was padded due to alignment specifier */
#elif defined(__clang__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8)))
    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic" /* For ISO C99 doesn't support unnamed structs/unions [-Wpedantic] */
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc11-extensions"   /* anonymous unions are a C11 extension */
    #endif
#endif


#if defined(__LP64__) || defined(_WIN64) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__ILP32__)) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__ia64) || defined(_M_IA64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(__powerpc64__) || defined(__ppc64__)
    #define MA_SIZEOF_PTR   8
#else
    #define MA_SIZEOF_PTR   4
#endif

#include <stddef.h> /* For size_t. */

/* Sized types. */
#if defined(MA_USE_STDINT)
    #include <stdint.h>
    typedef int8_t   ma_int8;
    typedef uint8_t  ma_uint8;
    typedef int16_t  ma_int16;
    typedef uint16_t ma_uint16;
    typedef int32_t  ma_int32;
    typedef uint32_t ma_uint32;
    typedef int64_t  ma_int64;
    typedef uint64_t ma_uint64;
#else
    typedef   signed char           ma_int8;
    typedef unsigned char           ma_uint8;
    typedef   signed short          ma_int16;
    typedef unsigned short          ma_uint16;
    typedef   signed int            ma_int32;
    typedef unsigned int            ma_uint32;
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
        typedef   signed __int64    ma_int64;
        typedef unsigned __int64    ma_uint64;
    #else
        #if defined(__clang__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)))
            #pragma GCC diagnostic push
            #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlong-long"
            #if defined(__clang__)
                #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"
            #endif
        #endif
        typedef   signed long long  ma_int64;
        typedef unsigned long long  ma_uint64;
        #if defined(__clang__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)))
            #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
        #endif
    #endif
#endif  /* MA_USE_STDINT */

#if MA_SIZEOF_PTR == 8
    typedef ma_uint64           ma_uintptr;
#else
    typedef ma_uint32           ma_uintptr;
#endif

typedef ma_uint8    ma_bool8;
typedef ma_uint32   ma_bool32;
#define MA_TRUE     1
#define MA_FALSE    0

/* These float types are not used universally by miniaudio. It's to simplify some macro expansion for atomic types. */
typedef float       ma_float;
typedef double      ma_double;

typedef void* ma_handle;
typedef void* ma_ptr;

/*
ma_proc is annoying because when compiling with GCC we get pedantic warnings about converting
between `void*` and `void (*)()`. We can't use `void (*)()` with MSVC however, because we'll get
warning C4191 about "type cast between incompatible function types". To work around this I'm going
to use a different data type depending on the compiler.
*/
#if defined(__GNUC__)
typedef void (*ma_proc)(void);
#else
typedef void* ma_proc;
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
typedef ma_uint16 wchar_t;
#endif

/* Define NULL for some compilers. */
#ifndef NULL
#define NULL 0
#endif

#if defined(SIZE_MAX)
    #define MA_SIZE_MAX    SIZE_MAX
#else
    #define MA_SIZE_MAX    0xFFFFFFFF  /* When SIZE_MAX is not defined by the standard library just default to the maximum 32-bit unsigned integer. */
#endif

#define MA_UINT64_MAX      (((ma_uint64)0xFFFFFFFF << 32) | (ma_uint64)0xFFFFFFFF)   /* Weird shifting syntax is for VC6 compatibility. */


/* Platform/backend detection. */
#if defined(_WIN32)
    #define MA_WIN32
    #if defined(MA_FORCE_UWP) || (defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && ((defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_PC_APP) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_PC_APP) || (defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP)))
        #define MA_WIN32_UWP
    #elif defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && (defined(WINAPI_FAMILY_GAMES) && WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_GAMES)
        #define MA_WIN32_GDK
    #elif defined(NXDK)
        #define MA_WIN32_NXDK
    #else
        #define MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    #endif

    /* The original Xbox. */
    #if defined(NXDK)   /* <-- Add other Xbox compiler toolchains here, and then add a toolchain-specific define in case we need to discriminate between them later. */
        #define MA_XBOX

        #if defined(NXDK)
            #define MA_XBOX_NXDK
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#if defined(__MSDOS__) || defined(MSDOS) || defined(_MSDOS) || defined(__DOS__)
    #define MA_DOS

    /* No threading allowed on DOS. */
    #ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
    #define MA_NO_THREADING
    #endif

    /* No runtime linking allowed on DOS. */
    #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    #define MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    #endif
#endif
#if !defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_DOS)    /* If it's not Win32, assume POSIX. */
    #define MA_POSIX

    #if !defined(MA_NO_THREADING)
        /*
        Use the MA_NO_PTHREAD_IN_HEADER option at your own risk. This is intentionally undocumented.
        You can use this to avoid including pthread.h in the header section. The downside is that it
        results in some fixed sized structures being declared for the various types that are used in
        miniaudio. The risk here is that these types might be too small for a given platform. This
        risk is yours to take and no support will be offered if you enable this option.
        */
        #ifndef MA_NO_PTHREAD_IN_HEADER
            #include <pthread.h>    /* Unfortunate #include, but needed for pthread_t, pthread_mutex_t and pthread_cond_t types. */
            typedef pthread_t       ma_pthread_t;
            typedef pthread_mutex_t ma_pthread_mutex_t;
            typedef pthread_cond_t  ma_pthread_cond_t;
        #else
            typedef ma_uintptr      ma_pthread_t;
            typedef union           ma_pthread_mutex_t { char __data[40]; ma_uint64 __alignment; } ma_pthread_mutex_t;
            typedef union           ma_pthread_cond_t  { char __data[48]; ma_uint64 __alignment; } ma_pthread_cond_t;
        #endif
    #endif

    #if defined(__unix__)
        #define MA_UNIX
    #endif
    #if defined(__linux__)
        #define MA_LINUX
    #endif
    #if defined(__APPLE__)
        #define MA_APPLE
    #endif
    #if defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
        #define MA_BSD
    #endif
    #if defined(__ANDROID__)
        #define MA_ANDROID
    #endif
    #if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
        #define MA_EMSCRIPTEN
    #endif
    #if defined(__ORBIS__)
        #define MA_ORBIS
    #endif
    #if defined(__PROSPERO__)
        #define MA_PROSPERO
    #endif
    #if defined(__3DS__)
        #define MA_3DS
    #endif
    #if defined(__SWITCH__) || defined(__NX__)
        #define MA_SWITCH
    #endif
    #if defined(__BEOS__) || defined(__HAIKU__)
        #define MA_BEOS
    #endif
    #if defined(__HAIKU__)
        #define MA_HAIKU
    #endif
#endif

#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH) && defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
    #define MA_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
#endif
#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH) && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202000L
    #define MA_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
#endif
#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH) && defined(__has_attribute)
    #if __has_attribute(fallthrough)
        #define MA_FALLTHROUGH __attribute__((fallthrough))
    #endif
#endif
#if !defined(MA_FALLTHROUGH)
    #define MA_FALLTHROUGH ((void)0)
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #define MA_INLINE __forceinline

    /* noinline was introduced in Visual Studio 2005. */
    #if _MSC_VER >= 1400
        #define MA_NO_INLINE __declspec(noinline)
    #else
        #define MA_NO_INLINE
    #endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    /*
    I've had a bug report where GCC is emitting warnings about functions possibly not being inlineable. This warning happens when
    the __attribute__((always_inline)) attribute is defined without an "inline" statement. I think therefore there must be some
    case where "__inline__" is not always defined, thus the compiler emitting these warnings. When using -std=c89 or -ansi on the
    command line, we cannot use the "inline" keyword and instead need to use "__inline__". In an attempt to work around this issue
    I am using "__inline__" only when we're compiling in strict ANSI mode.
    */
    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define MA_GNUC_INLINE_HINT __inline__
    #else
        #define MA_GNUC_INLINE_HINT inline
    #endif

    #if (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 2)) || defined(__clang__)
        #define MA_INLINE MA_GNUC_INLINE_HINT __attribute__((always_inline))
        #define MA_NO_INLINE __attribute__((noinline))
    #else
        #define MA_INLINE MA_GNUC_INLINE_HINT
        #define MA_NO_INLINE
    #endif
#elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
    #define MA_INLINE __inline
    #define MA_NO_INLINE
#else
    #define MA_INLINE
    #define MA_NO_INLINE
#endif

/* MA_DLL is not officially supported. You're on your own if you want to use this. */
#if defined(MA_DLL)
    #if defined(_WIN32)
        #define MA_DLL_IMPORT  __declspec(dllimport)
        #define MA_DLL_EXPORT  __declspec(dllexport)
        #define MA_DLL_PRIVATE static
    #else
        #if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
            #define MA_DLL_IMPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
            #define MA_DLL_EXPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
            #define MA_DLL_PRIVATE __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
        #else
            #define MA_DLL_IMPORT
            #define MA_DLL_EXPORT
            #define MA_DLL_PRIVATE static
        #endif
    #endif
#endif

#if !defined(MA_API)
    #if defined(MA_DLL)
        #if defined(MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(MA_IMPLEMENTATION)
            #define MA_API  MA_DLL_EXPORT
        #else
            #define MA_API  MA_DLL_IMPORT
        #endif
    #else
        #define MA_API extern
    #endif
#endif

#if !defined(MA_STATIC)
    #if defined(MA_DLL)
        #define MA_PRIVATE MA_DLL_PRIVATE
    #else
        #define MA_PRIVATE static
    #endif
#endif


/* SIMD alignment in bytes. Currently set to 32 bytes in preparation for future AVX optimizations. */
#define MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT  32

/*
Special wchar_t type to ensure any structures in the public sections that reference it have a
consistent size across all platforms.

On Windows, wchar_t is 2 bytes, whereas everywhere else it's 4 bytes. Since Windows likes to use
wchar_t for its IDs, we need a special explicitly sized wchar type that is always 2 bytes on all
platforms.
*/
#if !defined(MA_POSIX) && defined(MA_WIN32)
typedef wchar_t     ma_wchar_win32;
#else
typedef ma_uint16   ma_wchar_win32;
#endif



/*
Logging Levels
==============
Log levels are only used to give logging callbacks some context as to the severity of a log message
so they can do filtering. All log levels will be posted to registered logging callbacks. If you
don't want to output a certain log level you can discriminate against the log level in the callback.

MA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
    Used for debugging. Useful for debug and test builds, but should be disabled in release builds.

MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
    Informational logging. Useful for debugging. This will never be called from within the data
    callback.

MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING
    Warnings. You should enable this in you development builds and action them when encountered. These
    logs usually indicate a potential problem or misconfiguration, but still allow you to keep
    running. This will never be called from within the data callback.

MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR
    Error logging. This will be fired when an operation fails and is subsequently aborted. This can
    be fired from within the data callback, in which case the device will be stopped. You should
    always have this log level enabled.
*/
typedef enum
{
    MA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG   = 4,
    MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO    = 3,
    MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING = 2,
    MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR   = 1
} ma_log_level;

/*
Variables needing to be accessed atomically should be declared with this macro for two reasons:

    1) It allows people who read the code to identify a variable as such; and
    2) It forces alignment on platforms where it's required or optimal.

Note that for x86/64, alignment is not strictly necessary, but does have some performance
implications. Where supported by the compiler, alignment will be used, but otherwise if the CPU
architecture does not require it, it will simply leave it unaligned. This is the case with old
versions of Visual Studio, which I've confirmed with at least VC6.
*/
#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L)
    #include <stdalign.h>
    #define MA_ATOMIC(alignment, type)            _Alignas(alignment) type
#else
    #if defined(__GNUC__)
        /* GCC-style compilers. */
        #define MA_ATOMIC(alignment, type)        type __attribute__((aligned(alignment)))
    #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1200  /* 1200 = VC6. Alignment not supported, but not necessary because x86 is the only supported target. */
        /* MSVC. */
        #define MA_ATOMIC(alignment, type)        __declspec(align(alignment)) type
    #else
        /* Other compilers. */
        #define MA_ATOMIC(alignment, type)        type
    #endif
#endif

typedef struct ma_context ma_context;
typedef struct ma_device ma_device;

typedef ma_uint8 ma_channel;
typedef enum
{
    MA_CHANNEL_NONE               = 0,
    MA_CHANNEL_MONO               = 1,
    MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT         = 2,
    MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT        = 3,
    MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER       = 4,
    MA_CHANNEL_LFE                = 5,
    MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT          = 6,
    MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT         = 7,
    MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER  = 8,
    MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER = 9,
    MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER        = 10,
    MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT          = 11,
    MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT         = 12,
    MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER         = 13,
    MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT     = 14,
    MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER   = 15,
    MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT    = 16,
    MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT      = 17,
    MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER    = 18,
    MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT     = 19,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0              = 20,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_1              = 21,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_2              = 22,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_3              = 23,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_4              = 24,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_5              = 25,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_6              = 26,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_7              = 27,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_8              = 28,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_9              = 29,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_10             = 30,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_11             = 31,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_12             = 32,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_13             = 33,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_14             = 34,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_15             = 35,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_16             = 36,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_17             = 37,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_18             = 38,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_19             = 39,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_20             = 40,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_21             = 41,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_22             = 42,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_23             = 43,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_24             = 44,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_25             = 45,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_26             = 46,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_27             = 47,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_28             = 48,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_29             = 49,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_30             = 50,
    MA_CHANNEL_AUX_31             = 51,

    /* Count. */
    MA_CHANNEL_POSITION_COUNT,

    /* Aliases. */
    MA_CHANNEL_LEFT               = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT,
    MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT              = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT,
} _ma_channel_position; /* Do not use `_ma_channel_position` directly. Use `ma_channel` instead. */

typedef enum
{
    MA_SUCCESS                        =  0,
    MA_ERROR                          = -1,  /* A generic error. */
    MA_INVALID_ARGS                   = -2,
    MA_INVALID_OPERATION              = -3,
    MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY                  = -4,
    MA_OUT_OF_RANGE                   = -5,
    MA_ACCESS_DENIED                  = -6,
    MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST                 = -7,
    MA_ALREADY_EXISTS                 = -8,
    MA_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES            = -9,
    MA_INVALID_FILE                   = -10,
    MA_TOO_BIG                        = -11,
    MA_PATH_TOO_LONG                  = -12,
    MA_NAME_TOO_LONG                  = -13,
    MA_NOT_DIRECTORY                  = -14,
    MA_IS_DIRECTORY                   = -15,
    MA_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY            = -16,
    MA_AT_END                         = -17,
    MA_NO_SPACE                       = -18,
    MA_BUSY                           = -19,
    MA_IO_ERROR                       = -20,
    MA_INTERRUPT                      = -21,
    MA_UNAVAILABLE                    = -22,
    MA_ALREADY_IN_USE                 = -23,
    MA_BAD_ADDRESS                    = -24,
    MA_BAD_SEEK                       = -25,
    MA_BAD_PIPE                       = -26,
    MA_DEADLOCK                       = -27,
    MA_TOO_MANY_LINKS                 = -28,
    MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED                = -29,
    MA_NO_MESSAGE                     = -30,
    MA_BAD_MESSAGE                    = -31,
    MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE              = -32,
    MA_INVALID_DATA                   = -33,
    MA_TIMEOUT                        = -34,
    MA_NO_NETWORK                     = -35,
    MA_NOT_UNIQUE                     = -36,
    MA_NOT_SOCKET                     = -37,
    MA_NO_ADDRESS                     = -38,
    MA_BAD_PROTOCOL                   = -39,
    MA_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE           = -40,
    MA_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED         = -41,
    MA_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED  = -42,
    MA_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED   = -43,
    MA_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED           = -44,
    MA_CONNECTION_RESET               = -45,
    MA_ALREADY_CONNECTED              = -46,
    MA_NOT_CONNECTED                  = -47,
    MA_CONNECTION_REFUSED             = -48,
    MA_NO_HOST                        = -49,
    MA_IN_PROGRESS                    = -50,
    MA_CANCELLED                      = -51,
    MA_MEMORY_ALREADY_MAPPED          = -52,

    /* General non-standard errors. */
    MA_CRC_MISMATCH                   = -100,

    /* General miniaudio-specific errors. */
    MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED           = -200,
    MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED      = -201,
    MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED       = -202,
    MA_NO_BACKEND                     = -203,
    MA_NO_DEVICE                      = -204,
    MA_API_NOT_FOUND                  = -205,
    MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG          = -206,
    MA_LOOP                           = -207,
    MA_BACKEND_NOT_ENABLED            = -208,

    /* State errors. */
    MA_DEVICE_NOT_INITIALIZED         = -300,
    MA_DEVICE_ALREADY_INITIALIZED     = -301,
    MA_DEVICE_NOT_STARTED             = -302,
    MA_DEVICE_NOT_STOPPED             = -303,

    /* Operation errors. */
    MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND         = -400,
    MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE  = -401,
    MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE = -402,
    MA_FAILED_TO_STOP_BACKEND_DEVICE  = -403
} ma_result;


#define MA_MIN_CHANNELS                 1
#ifndef MA_MAX_CHANNELS
#define MA_MAX_CHANNELS                 254
#endif

#ifndef MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER
#define MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER             8
#endif

typedef enum
{
    ma_stream_format_pcm = 0
} ma_stream_format;

typedef enum
{
    ma_stream_layout_interleaved = 0,
    ma_stream_layout_deinterleaved
} ma_stream_layout;

typedef enum
{
    ma_dither_mode_none = 0,
    ma_dither_mode_rectangle,
    ma_dither_mode_triangle
} ma_dither_mode;

typedef enum
{
    /*
    I like to keep these explicitly defined because they're used as a key into a lookup table. When items are
    added to this, make sure there are no gaps and that they're added to the lookup table in ma_get_bytes_per_sample().
    */
    ma_format_unknown = 0,     /* Mainly used for indicating an error, but also used as the default for the output format for decoders. */
    ma_format_u8      = 1,
    ma_format_s16     = 2,     /* Seems to be the most widely supported format. */
    ma_format_s24     = 3,     /* Tightly packed. 3 bytes per sample. */
    ma_format_s32     = 4,
    ma_format_f32     = 5,
    ma_format_count
} ma_format;

typedef enum
{
    /* Standard rates need to be in priority order. */
    ma_standard_sample_rate_48000  = 48000,     /* Most common */
    ma_standard_sample_rate_44100  = 44100,

    ma_standard_sample_rate_32000  = 32000,     /* Lows */
    ma_standard_sample_rate_24000  = 24000,
    ma_standard_sample_rate_22050  = 22050,

    ma_standard_sample_rate_88200  = 88200,     /* Highs */
    ma_standard_sample_rate_96000  = 96000,
    ma_standard_sample_rate_176400 = 176400,
    ma_standard_sample_rate_192000 = 192000,

    ma_standard_sample_rate_16000  = 16000,     /* Extreme lows */
    ma_standard_sample_rate_11025  = 11025,
    ma_standard_sample_rate_8000   = 8000,

    ma_standard_sample_rate_352800 = 352800,    /* Extreme highs */
    ma_standard_sample_rate_384000 = 384000,

    ma_standard_sample_rate_min    = ma_standard_sample_rate_8000,
    ma_standard_sample_rate_max    = ma_standard_sample_rate_384000,
    ma_standard_sample_rate_count  = 14         /* Need to maintain the count manually. Make sure this is updated if items are added to enum. */
} ma_standard_sample_rate;


typedef enum
{
    ma_channel_mix_mode_rectangular = 0,   /* Simple averaging based on the plane(s) the channel is sitting on. */
    ma_channel_mix_mode_simple,            /* Drop excess channels; zeroed out extra channels. */
    ma_channel_mix_mode_custom_weights,    /* Use custom weights specified in ma_channel_converter_config. */
    ma_channel_mix_mode_default = ma_channel_mix_mode_rectangular
} ma_channel_mix_mode;

typedef enum
{
    ma_standard_channel_map_microsoft,
    ma_standard_channel_map_alsa,
    ma_standard_channel_map_rfc3551,   /* Based off AIFF. */
    ma_standard_channel_map_flac,
    ma_standard_channel_map_vorbis,
    ma_standard_channel_map_sound4,    /* FreeBSD's sound(4). */
    ma_standard_channel_map_sndio,     /* www.sndio.org/tips.html */
    ma_standard_channel_map_webaudio = ma_standard_channel_map_flac, /* https://webaudio.github.io/web-audio-api/#ChannelOrdering. Only 1, 2, 4 and 6 channels are defined, but can fill in the gaps with logical assumptions. */
    ma_standard_channel_map_default = ma_standard_channel_map_microsoft
} ma_standard_channel_map;

typedef enum
{
    ma_performance_profile_low_latency = 0,
    ma_performance_profile_conservative
} ma_performance_profile;


typedef struct
{
    void* pUserData;
    void* (* onMalloc)(size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void* (* onRealloc)(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void  (* onFree)(void* p, void* pUserData);
} ma_allocation_callbacks;

typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 state;
} ma_lcg;


/*
Atomics.

These are typesafe structures to prevent errors as a result of forgetting to reference variables atomically. It's too
easy to introduce subtle bugs where you accidentally do a regular assignment instead of an atomic load/store, etc. By
using a struct we can enforce the use of atomics at compile time.

These types are declared in the header section because we need to reference them in structs below, but functions for
using them are only exposed in the implementation section. I do not want these to be part of the public API.

There's a few downsides to this system. The first is that you need to declare a new struct for each type. Below are
some macros to help with the declarations. They will be named like so:

    ma_atomic_uint32 - atomic ma_uint32
    ma_atomic_int32  - atomic ma_int32
    ma_atomic_uint64 - atomic ma_uint64
    ma_atomic_float  - atomic float
    ma_atomic_bool32 - atomic ma_bool32

The other downside is that atomic pointers are extremely messy. You need to declare a new struct for each specific
type of pointer you need to make atomic. For example, an atomic ma_node* will look like this:

    MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_IMPL_PTR(node)

Which will declare a type struct that's named like so:

    ma_atomic_ptr_node

Functions to use the atomic types are declared in the implementation section. All atomic functions are prefixed with
the name of the struct. For example:

    ma_atomic_uint32_set() - Atomic store of ma_uint32
    ma_atomic_uint32_get() - Atomic load of ma_uint32
    etc.

For pointer types it's the same, which makes them a bit messy to use due to the length of each function name, but in
return you get type safety and enforcement of atomic operations.
*/
#define MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL(c89TypeExtension, typeSize, type) \
    typedef struct \
    { \
        MA_ATOMIC(typeSize, ma_##type) value; \
    } ma_atomic_##type; \

#define MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL_PTR(type) \
    typedef struct \
    { \
        MA_ATOMIC(MA_SIZEOF_PTR, ma_##type*) value; \
    } ma_atomic_ptr_##type; \

MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL(32,  4, uint32)
MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL(i32, 4, int32)
MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL(64,  8, uint64)
MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL(f32, 4, float)
MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL(32,  4, bool32)


/* Spinlocks are 32-bit for compatibility reasons. */
typedef ma_uint32 ma_spinlock;

#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
    /* Thread priorities should be ordered such that the default priority of the worker thread is 0. */
    typedef enum
    {
        ma_thread_priority_idle     = -5,
        ma_thread_priority_lowest   = -4,
        ma_thread_priority_low      = -3,
        ma_thread_priority_normal   = -2,
        ma_thread_priority_high     = -1,
        ma_thread_priority_highest  =  0,
        ma_thread_priority_realtime =  1,
        ma_thread_priority_default  =  0
    } ma_thread_priority;

    #if defined(MA_POSIX)
        typedef ma_pthread_t ma_thread;
    #elif defined(MA_WIN32)
        typedef ma_handle ma_thread;
    #endif

    #if defined(MA_POSIX)
        typedef ma_pthread_mutex_t ma_mutex;
    #elif defined(MA_WIN32)
        typedef ma_handle ma_mutex;
    #endif

    #if defined(MA_POSIX)
        typedef struct
        {
            ma_uint32 value;
            ma_pthread_mutex_t lock;
            ma_pthread_cond_t cond;
        } ma_event;
    #elif defined(MA_WIN32)
        typedef ma_handle ma_event;
    #endif

    #if defined(MA_POSIX)
        typedef struct
        {
            int value;
            ma_pthread_mutex_t lock;
            ma_pthread_cond_t cond;
        } ma_semaphore;
    #elif defined(MA_WIN32)
        typedef ma_handle ma_semaphore;
    #endif
#else
    /* MA_NO_THREADING is set which means threading is disabled. Threading is required by some API families. If any of these are enabled we need to throw an error. */
    #ifndef MA_NO_DEVICE_IO
        #error "MA_NO_THREADING cannot be used without MA_NO_DEVICE_IO";
    #endif
#endif  /* MA_NO_THREADING */


/*
Retrieves the version of miniaudio as separated integers. Each component can be NULL if it's not required.
*/
MA_API void ma_version(ma_uint32* pMajor, ma_uint32* pMinor, ma_uint32* pRevision);

/*
Retrieves the version of miniaudio as a string which can be useful for logging purposes.
*/
MA_API const char* ma_version_string(void);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Logging

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <stdarg.h> /* For va_list. */

#if defined(__has_attribute)
    #if __has_attribute(format)
        #define MA_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(fmt, va) __attribute__((format(printf, fmt, va)))
    #endif
#endif
#ifndef MA_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT
#define MA_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(fmt, va)
#endif

#ifndef MA_MAX_LOG_CALLBACKS
#define MA_MAX_LOG_CALLBACKS    4
#endif


/*
The callback for handling log messages.


Parameters
----------
pUserData (in)
    The user data pointer that was passed into ma_log_register_callback().

logLevel (in)
    The log level. This can be one of the following:

    +----------------------+
    | Log Level            |
    +----------------------+
    | MA_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG   |
    | MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO    |
    | MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING |
    | MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR   |
    +----------------------+

pMessage (in)
    The log message.
*/
typedef void (* ma_log_callback_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_uint32 level, const char* pMessage);

typedef struct
{
    ma_log_callback_proc onLog;
    void* pUserData;
} ma_log_callback;

MA_API ma_log_callback ma_log_callback_init(ma_log_callback_proc onLog, void* pUserData);


typedef struct
{
    ma_log_callback callbacks[MA_MAX_LOG_CALLBACKS];
    ma_uint32 callbackCount;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;    /* Need to store these persistently because ma_log_postv() might need to allocate a buffer on the heap. */
#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
    ma_mutex lock;  /* For thread safety just to make it easier and safer for the logging implementation. */
#endif
} ma_log;

MA_API ma_result ma_log_init(const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_log* pLog);
MA_API void ma_log_uninit(ma_log* pLog);
MA_API ma_result ma_log_register_callback(ma_log* pLog, ma_log_callback callback);
MA_API ma_result ma_log_unregister_callback(ma_log* pLog, ma_log_callback callback);
MA_API ma_result ma_log_post(ma_log* pLog, ma_uint32 level, const char* pMessage);
MA_API ma_result ma_log_postv(ma_log* pLog, ma_uint32 level, const char* pFormat, va_list args);
MA_API ma_result ma_log_postf(ma_log* pLog, ma_uint32 level, const char* pFormat, ...) MA_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(3, 4);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Biquad Filtering

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef union
{
    float    f32;
    ma_int32 s32;
} ma_biquad_coefficient;

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    double b0;
    double b1;
    double b2;
    double a0;
    double a1;
    double a2;
} ma_biquad_config;

MA_API ma_biquad_config ma_biquad_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, double b0, double b1, double b2, double a0, double a1, double a2);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_biquad_coefficient b0;
    ma_biquad_coefficient b1;
    ma_biquad_coefficient b2;
    ma_biquad_coefficient a1;
    ma_biquad_coefficient a2;
    ma_biquad_coefficient* pR1;
    ma_biquad_coefficient* pR2;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_biquad;

MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_get_heap_size(const ma_biquad_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_init_preallocated(const ma_biquad_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_biquad* pBQ);
MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_init(const ma_biquad_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_biquad* pBQ);
MA_API void ma_biquad_uninit(ma_biquad* pBQ, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_reinit(const ma_biquad_config* pConfig, ma_biquad* pBQ);
MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_clear_cache(ma_biquad* pBQ);
MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(ma_biquad* pBQ, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_biquad_get_latency(const ma_biquad* pBQ);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Low-Pass Filtering

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double cutoffFrequency;
    double q;
} ma_lpf1_config, ma_lpf2_config;

MA_API ma_lpf1_config ma_lpf1_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency);
MA_API ma_lpf2_config ma_lpf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, double q);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_biquad_coefficient a;
    ma_biquad_coefficient* pR1;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_lpf1;

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_get_heap_size(const ma_lpf1_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_init_preallocated(const ma_lpf1_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_lpf1* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_init(const ma_lpf1_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_lpf1* pLPF);
MA_API void ma_lpf1_uninit(ma_lpf1* pLPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_reinit(const ma_lpf1_config* pConfig, ma_lpf1* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_clear_cache(ma_lpf1* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frames(ma_lpf1* pLPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_lpf1_get_latency(const ma_lpf1* pLPF);

typedef struct
{
    ma_biquad bq;   /* The second order low-pass filter is implemented as a biquad filter. */
} ma_lpf2;

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_get_heap_size(const ma_lpf2_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_init_preallocated(const ma_lpf2_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_lpf2* pHPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_init(const ma_lpf2_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_lpf2* pLPF);
MA_API void ma_lpf2_uninit(ma_lpf2* pLPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_reinit(const ma_lpf2_config* pConfig, ma_lpf2* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_clear_cache(ma_lpf2* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_lpf2* pLPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_lpf2_get_latency(const ma_lpf2* pLPF);


typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double cutoffFrequency;
    ma_uint32 order;    /* If set to 0, will be treated as a passthrough (no filtering will be applied). */
} ma_lpf_config;

MA_API ma_lpf_config ma_lpf_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_uint32 lpf1Count;
    ma_uint32 lpf2Count;
    ma_lpf1* pLPF1;
    ma_lpf2* pLPF2;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_lpf;

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_get_heap_size(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_init_preallocated(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_lpf* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_init(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_lpf* pLPF);
MA_API void ma_lpf_uninit(ma_lpf* pLPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_reinit(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, ma_lpf* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_clear_cache(ma_lpf* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_process_pcm_frames(ma_lpf* pLPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_lpf_get_latency(const ma_lpf* pLPF);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

High-Pass Filtering

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double cutoffFrequency;
    double q;
} ma_hpf1_config, ma_hpf2_config;

MA_API ma_hpf1_config ma_hpf1_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency);
MA_API ma_hpf2_config ma_hpf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, double q);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_biquad_coefficient a;
    ma_biquad_coefficient* pR1;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_hpf1;

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_get_heap_size(const ma_hpf1_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_init_preallocated(const ma_hpf1_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_hpf1* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_init(const ma_hpf1_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_hpf1* pHPF);
MA_API void ma_hpf1_uninit(ma_hpf1* pHPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_reinit(const ma_hpf1_config* pConfig, ma_hpf1* pHPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frames(ma_hpf1* pHPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hpf1_get_latency(const ma_hpf1* pHPF);

typedef struct
{
    ma_biquad bq;   /* The second order high-pass filter is implemented as a biquad filter. */
} ma_hpf2;

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_get_heap_size(const ma_hpf2_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_init_preallocated(const ma_hpf2_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_hpf2* pHPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_init(const ma_hpf2_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_hpf2* pHPF);
MA_API void ma_hpf2_uninit(ma_hpf2* pHPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_reinit(const ma_hpf2_config* pConfig, ma_hpf2* pHPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_hpf2* pHPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hpf2_get_latency(const ma_hpf2* pHPF);


typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double cutoffFrequency;
    ma_uint32 order;    /* If set to 0, will be treated as a passthrough (no filtering will be applied). */
} ma_hpf_config;

MA_API ma_hpf_config ma_hpf_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_uint32 hpf1Count;
    ma_uint32 hpf2Count;
    ma_hpf1* pHPF1;
    ma_hpf2* pHPF2;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_hpf;

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_get_heap_size(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_init_preallocated(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_hpf* pLPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_init(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_hpf* pHPF);
MA_API void ma_hpf_uninit(ma_hpf* pHPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_reinit(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, ma_hpf* pHPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_process_pcm_frames(ma_hpf* pHPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hpf_get_latency(const ma_hpf* pHPF);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Band-Pass Filtering

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double cutoffFrequency;
    double q;
} ma_bpf2_config;

MA_API ma_bpf2_config ma_bpf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, double q);

typedef struct
{
    ma_biquad bq;   /* The second order band-pass filter is implemented as a biquad filter. */
} ma_bpf2;

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_get_heap_size(const ma_bpf2_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_init_preallocated(const ma_bpf2_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_bpf2* pBPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_init(const ma_bpf2_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_bpf2* pBPF);
MA_API void ma_bpf2_uninit(ma_bpf2* pBPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_reinit(const ma_bpf2_config* pConfig, ma_bpf2* pBPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_bpf2* pBPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_bpf2_get_latency(const ma_bpf2* pBPF);


typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double cutoffFrequency;
    ma_uint32 order;    /* If set to 0, will be treated as a passthrough (no filtering will be applied). */
} ma_bpf_config;

MA_API ma_bpf_config ma_bpf_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 bpf2Count;
    ma_bpf2* pBPF2;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_bpf;

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_get_heap_size(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_init_preallocated(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_bpf* pBPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_init(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_bpf* pBPF);
MA_API void ma_bpf_uninit(ma_bpf* pBPF, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_reinit(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, ma_bpf* pBPF);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_process_pcm_frames(ma_bpf* pBPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_bpf_get_latency(const ma_bpf* pBPF);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Notching Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double q;
    double frequency;
} ma_notch2_config, ma_notch_config;

MA_API ma_notch2_config ma_notch2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double q, double frequency);

typedef struct
{
    ma_biquad bq;
} ma_notch2;

MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_get_heap_size(const ma_notch2_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_init_preallocated(const ma_notch2_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_notch2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_init(const ma_notch2_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_notch2* pFilter);
MA_API void ma_notch2_uninit(ma_notch2* pFilter, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_reinit(const ma_notch2_config* pConfig, ma_notch2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_process_pcm_frames(ma_notch2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_notch2_get_latency(const ma_notch2* pFilter);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Peaking EQ Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double gainDB;
    double q;
    double frequency;
} ma_peak2_config, ma_peak_config;

MA_API ma_peak2_config ma_peak2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double q, double frequency);

typedef struct
{
    ma_biquad bq;
} ma_peak2;

MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_get_heap_size(const ma_peak2_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_init_preallocated(const ma_peak2_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_peak2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_init(const ma_peak2_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_peak2* pFilter);
MA_API void ma_peak2_uninit(ma_peak2* pFilter, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_reinit(const ma_peak2_config* pConfig, ma_peak2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_process_pcm_frames(ma_peak2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_peak2_get_latency(const ma_peak2* pFilter);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Low Shelf Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double gainDB;
    double shelfSlope;
    double frequency;
} ma_loshelf2_config, ma_loshelf_config;

MA_API ma_loshelf2_config ma_loshelf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double shelfSlope, double frequency);

typedef struct
{
    ma_biquad bq;
} ma_loshelf2;

MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_get_heap_size(const ma_loshelf2_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_init_preallocated(const ma_loshelf2_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_loshelf2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_init(const ma_loshelf2_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_loshelf2* pFilter);
MA_API void ma_loshelf2_uninit(ma_loshelf2* pFilter, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_reinit(const ma_loshelf2_config* pConfig, ma_loshelf2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_loshelf2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_loshelf2_get_latency(const ma_loshelf2* pFilter);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

High Shelf Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double gainDB;
    double shelfSlope;
    double frequency;
} ma_hishelf2_config, ma_hishelf_config;

MA_API ma_hishelf2_config ma_hishelf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double shelfSlope, double frequency);

typedef struct
{
    ma_biquad bq;
} ma_hishelf2;

MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_get_heap_size(const ma_hishelf2_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_init_preallocated(const ma_hishelf2_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_hishelf2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_init(const ma_hishelf2_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_hishelf2* pFilter);
MA_API void ma_hishelf2_uninit(ma_hishelf2* pFilter, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_reinit(const ma_hishelf2_config* pConfig, ma_hishelf2* pFilter);
MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_hishelf2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hishelf2_get_latency(const ma_hishelf2* pFilter);



/*
Delay
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_uint32 delayInFrames;
    ma_bool32 delayStart;       /* Set to true to delay the start of the output; false otherwise. */
    float wet;                  /* 0..1. Default = 1. */
    float dry;                  /* 0..1. Default = 1. */
    float decay;                /* 0..1. Default = 0 (no feedback). Feedback decay. Use this for echo. */
} ma_delay_config;

MA_API ma_delay_config ma_delay_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, ma_uint32 delayInFrames, float decay);


typedef struct
{
    ma_delay_config config;
    ma_uint32 cursor;               /* Feedback is written to this cursor. Always equal or in front of the read cursor. */
    ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames;
    float* pBuffer;
} ma_delay;

MA_API ma_result ma_delay_init(const ma_delay_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_delay* pDelay);
MA_API void ma_delay_uninit(ma_delay* pDelay, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_delay_process_pcm_frames(ma_delay* pDelay, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount);
MA_API void ma_delay_set_wet(ma_delay* pDelay, float value);
MA_API float ma_delay_get_wet(const ma_delay* pDelay);
MA_API void ma_delay_set_dry(ma_delay* pDelay, float value);
MA_API float ma_delay_get_dry(const ma_delay* pDelay);
MA_API void ma_delay_set_decay(ma_delay* pDelay, float value);
MA_API float ma_delay_get_decay(const ma_delay* pDelay);


/* Gainer for smooth volume changes. */
typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 smoothTimeInFrames;
} ma_gainer_config;

MA_API ma_gainer_config ma_gainer_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 smoothTimeInFrames);


typedef struct
{
    ma_gainer_config config;
    ma_uint32 t;
    float masterVolume;
    float* pOldGains;
    float* pNewGains;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_gainer;

MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_get_heap_size(const ma_gainer_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_init_preallocated(const ma_gainer_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_gainer* pGainer);
MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_init(const ma_gainer_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_gainer* pGainer);
MA_API void ma_gainer_uninit(ma_gainer* pGainer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_process_pcm_frames(ma_gainer* pGainer, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_set_gain(ma_gainer* pGainer, float newGain);
MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_set_gains(ma_gainer* pGainer, float* pNewGains);
MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_set_master_volume(ma_gainer* pGainer, float volume);
MA_API ma_result ma_gainer_get_master_volume(const ma_gainer* pGainer, float* pVolume);



/* Stereo panner. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_pan_mode_balance = 0,    /* Does not blend one side with the other. Technically just a balance. Compatible with other popular audio engines and therefore the default. */
    ma_pan_mode_pan             /* A true pan. The sound from one side will "move" to the other side and blend with it. */
} ma_pan_mode;

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_pan_mode mode;
    float pan;
} ma_panner_config;

MA_API ma_panner_config ma_panner_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels);


typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_pan_mode mode;
    float pan;  /* -1..1 where 0 is no pan, -1 is left side, +1 is right side. Defaults to 0. */
} ma_panner;

MA_API ma_result ma_panner_init(const ma_panner_config* pConfig, ma_panner* pPanner);
MA_API ma_result ma_panner_process_pcm_frames(ma_panner* pPanner, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API void ma_panner_set_mode(ma_panner* pPanner, ma_pan_mode mode);
MA_API ma_pan_mode ma_panner_get_mode(const ma_panner* pPanner);
MA_API void ma_panner_set_pan(ma_panner* pPanner, float pan);
MA_API float ma_panner_get_pan(const ma_panner* pPanner);



/* Fader. */
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
} ma_fader_config;

MA_API ma_fader_config ma_fader_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate);

typedef struct
{
    ma_fader_config config;
    float volumeBeg;            /* If volumeBeg and volumeEnd is equal to 1, no fading happens (ma_fader_process_pcm_frames() will run as a passthrough). */
    float volumeEnd;
    ma_uint64 lengthInFrames;   /* The total length of the fade. */
    ma_int64  cursorInFrames;   /* The current time in frames. Incremented by ma_fader_process_pcm_frames(). Signed because it'll be offset by startOffsetInFrames in set_fade_ex(). */
} ma_fader;

MA_API ma_result ma_fader_init(const ma_fader_config* pConfig, ma_fader* pFader);
MA_API ma_result ma_fader_process_pcm_frames(ma_fader* pFader, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API void ma_fader_get_data_format(const ma_fader* pFader, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate);
MA_API void ma_fader_set_fade(ma_fader* pFader, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 lengthInFrames);
MA_API void ma_fader_set_fade_ex(ma_fader* pFader, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 lengthInFrames, ma_int64 startOffsetInFrames);
MA_API float ma_fader_get_current_volume(const ma_fader* pFader);



/* Spatializer. */
typedef struct
{
    float x;
    float y;
    float z;
} ma_vec3f;

typedef struct
{
    ma_vec3f v;
    ma_spinlock lock;
} ma_atomic_vec3f;

typedef enum
{
    ma_attenuation_model_none,          /* No distance attenuation and no spatialization. */
    ma_attenuation_model_inverse,       /* Equivalent to OpenAL's AL_INVERSE_DISTANCE_CLAMPED. */
    ma_attenuation_model_linear,        /* Linear attenuation. Equivalent to OpenAL's AL_LINEAR_DISTANCE_CLAMPED. */
    ma_attenuation_model_exponential    /* Exponential attenuation. Equivalent to OpenAL's AL_EXPONENT_DISTANCE_CLAMPED. */
} ma_attenuation_model;

typedef enum
{
    ma_positioning_absolute,
    ma_positioning_relative
} ma_positioning;

typedef enum
{
    ma_handedness_right,
    ma_handedness_left
} ma_handedness;


typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_channel* pChannelMapOut;
    ma_handedness handedness;   /* Defaults to right. Forward is -1 on the Z axis. In a left handed system, forward is +1 on the Z axis. */
    float coneInnerAngleInRadians;
    float coneOuterAngleInRadians;
    float coneOuterGain;
    float speedOfSound;
    ma_vec3f worldUp;
} ma_spatializer_listener_config;

MA_API ma_spatializer_listener_config ma_spatializer_listener_config_init(ma_uint32 channelsOut);


typedef struct
{
    ma_spatializer_listener_config config;
    ma_atomic_vec3f position;  /* The absolute position of the listener. */
    ma_atomic_vec3f direction; /* The direction the listener is facing. The world up vector is config.worldUp. */
    ma_atomic_vec3f velocity;
    ma_bool32 isEnabled;

    /* Memory management. */
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
    void* _pHeap;
} ma_spatializer_listener;

MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_listener_get_heap_size(const ma_spatializer_listener_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_listener_init_preallocated(const ma_spatializer_listener_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_listener_init(const ma_spatializer_listener_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_uninit(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_channel* ma_spatializer_listener_get_channel_map(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_set_cone(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, float innerAngleInRadians, float outerAngleInRadians, float outerGain);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_get_cone(const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, float* pInnerAngleInRadians, float* pOuterAngleInRadians, float* pOuterGain);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_set_position(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_spatializer_listener_get_position(const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_set_direction(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_spatializer_listener_get_direction(const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_set_velocity(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_spatializer_listener_get_velocity(const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_set_speed_of_sound(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, float speedOfSound);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_listener_get_speed_of_sound(const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_set_world_up(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_spatializer_listener_get_world_up(const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_listener_set_enabled(ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, ma_bool32 isEnabled);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_spatializer_listener_is_enabled(const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener);


typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_channel* pChannelMapIn;
    ma_attenuation_model attenuationModel;
    ma_positioning positioning;
    ma_handedness handedness;           /* Defaults to right. Forward is -1 on the Z axis. In a left handed system, forward is +1 on the Z axis. */
    float minGain;
    float maxGain;
    float minDistance;
    float maxDistance;
    float rolloff;
    float coneInnerAngleInRadians;
    float coneOuterAngleInRadians;
    float coneOuterGain;
    float dopplerFactor;                /* Set to 0 to disable doppler effect. */
    float directionalAttenuationFactor; /* Set to 0 to disable directional attenuation. */
    float minSpatializationChannelGain; /* The minimal scaling factor to apply to channel gains when accounting for the direction of the sound relative to the listener. Must be in the range of 0..1. Smaller values means more aggressive directional panning, larger values means more subtle directional panning. */
    ma_uint32 gainSmoothTimeInFrames;   /* When the gain of a channel changes during spatialization, the transition will be linearly interpolated over this number of frames. */
} ma_spatializer_config;

MA_API ma_spatializer_config ma_spatializer_config_init(ma_uint32 channelsIn, ma_uint32 channelsOut);


typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_channel* pChannelMapIn;
    ma_attenuation_model attenuationModel;
    ma_positioning positioning;
    ma_handedness handedness;           /* Defaults to right. Forward is -1 on the Z axis. In a left handed system, forward is +1 on the Z axis. */
    float minGain;
    float maxGain;
    float minDistance;
    float maxDistance;
    float rolloff;
    float coneInnerAngleInRadians;
    float coneOuterAngleInRadians;
    float coneOuterGain;
    float dopplerFactor;                /* Set to 0 to disable doppler effect. */
    float directionalAttenuationFactor; /* Set to 0 to disable directional attenuation. */
    ma_uint32 gainSmoothTimeInFrames;   /* When the gain of a channel changes during spatialization, the transition will be linearly interpolated over this number of frames. */
    ma_atomic_vec3f position;
    ma_atomic_vec3f direction;
    ma_atomic_vec3f velocity;  /* For doppler effect. */
    float dopplerPitch; /* Will be updated by ma_spatializer_process_pcm_frames() and can be used by higher level functions to apply a pitch shift for doppler effect. */
    float minSpatializationChannelGain;
    ma_gainer gainer;   /* For smooth gain transitions. */
    float* pNewChannelGainsOut; /* An offset of _pHeap. Used by ma_spatializer_process_pcm_frames() to store new channel gains. The number of elements in this array is equal to config.channelsOut. */

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_spatializer;

MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_get_heap_size(const ma_spatializer_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_init_preallocated(const ma_spatializer_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_init(const ma_spatializer_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_uninit(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_process_pcm_frames(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_set_master_volume(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float volume);
MA_API ma_result ma_spatializer_get_master_volume(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float* pVolume);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_spatializer_get_input_channels(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_spatializer_get_output_channels(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_attenuation_model(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, ma_attenuation_model attenuationModel);
MA_API ma_attenuation_model ma_spatializer_get_attenuation_model(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_positioning(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, ma_positioning positioning);
MA_API ma_positioning ma_spatializer_get_positioning(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_rolloff(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float rolloff);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_get_rolloff(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_min_gain(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float minGain);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_get_min_gain(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_max_gain(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float maxGain);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_get_max_gain(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_min_distance(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float minDistance);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_get_min_distance(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_max_distance(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float maxDistance);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_get_max_distance(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_cone(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float innerAngleInRadians, float outerAngleInRadians, float outerGain);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_get_cone(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float* pInnerAngleInRadians, float* pOuterAngleInRadians, float* pOuterGain);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_doppler_factor(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float dopplerFactor);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_get_doppler_factor(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_directional_attenuation_factor(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float directionalAttenuationFactor);
MA_API float ma_spatializer_get_directional_attenuation_factor(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_position(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_spatializer_get_position(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_direction(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_spatializer_get_direction(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_set_velocity(ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_spatializer_get_velocity(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer);
MA_API void ma_spatializer_get_relative_position_and_direction(const ma_spatializer* pSpatializer, const ma_spatializer_listener* pListener, ma_vec3f* pRelativePos, ma_vec3f* pRelativeDir);



/************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************

DATA CONVERSION
===============

This section contains the APIs for data conversion. You will find everything here for channel mapping, sample format conversion, resampling, etc.

*************************************************************************************************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Resampling

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateIn;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateOut;
    ma_uint32 lpfOrder;         /* The low-pass filter order. Setting this to 0 will disable low-pass filtering. */
    double    lpfNyquistFactor; /* 0..1. Defaults to 1. 1 = Half the sampling frequency (Nyquist Frequency), 0.5 = Quarter the sampling frequency (half Nyquest Frequency), etc. */
} ma_linear_resampler_config;

MA_API ma_linear_resampler_config ma_linear_resampler_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut);

typedef struct
{
    ma_linear_resampler_config config;
    ma_uint32 inAdvanceInt;
    ma_uint32 inAdvanceFrac;
    ma_uint32 inTimeInt;
    ma_uint32 inTimeFrac;
    union
    {
        float* f32;
        ma_int16* s16;
    } x0; /* The previous input frame. */
    union
    {
        float* f32;
        ma_int16* s16;
    } x1; /* The next input frame. */
    ma_lpf lpf;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_linear_resampler;

MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_get_heap_size(const ma_linear_resampler_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_init_preallocated(const ma_linear_resampler_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_linear_resampler* pResampler);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_init(const ma_linear_resampler_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_linear_resampler* pResampler);
MA_API void ma_linear_resampler_uninit(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_set_rate(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_set_rate_ratio(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, float ratioInOut);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_linear_resampler_get_input_latency(const ma_linear_resampler* pResampler);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_linear_resampler_get_output_latency(const ma_linear_resampler* pResampler);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(const ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pInputFrameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(const ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 inputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pOutputFrameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_reset(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler);


typedef struct ma_resampler_config ma_resampler_config;

typedef void ma_resampling_backend;
typedef struct
{
    ma_result (* onGetHeapSize                )(void* pUserData, const ma_resampler_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
    ma_result (* onInit                       )(void* pUserData, const ma_resampler_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_resampling_backend** ppBackend);
    void      (* onUninit                     )(void* pUserData, ma_resampling_backend* pBackend, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
    ma_result (* onProcess                    )(void* pUserData, ma_resampling_backend* pBackend, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut);
    ma_result (* onSetRate                    )(void* pUserData, ma_resampling_backend* pBackend, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut);                 /* Optional. Rate changes will be disabled. */
    ma_uint64 (* onGetInputLatency            )(void* pUserData, const ma_resampling_backend* pBackend);                                                            /* Optional. Latency will be reported as 0. */
    ma_uint64 (* onGetOutputLatency           )(void* pUserData, const ma_resampling_backend* pBackend);                                                            /* Optional. Latency will be reported as 0. */
    ma_result (* onGetRequiredInputFrameCount )(void* pUserData, const ma_resampling_backend* pBackend, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pInputFrameCount);   /* Optional. Latency mitigation will be disabled. */
    ma_result (* onGetExpectedOutputFrameCount)(void* pUserData, const ma_resampling_backend* pBackend, ma_uint64 inputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pOutputFrameCount);   /* Optional. Latency mitigation will be disabled. */
    ma_result (* onReset                      )(void* pUserData, ma_resampling_backend* pBackend);
} ma_resampling_backend_vtable;

typedef enum
{
    ma_resample_algorithm_linear = 0,    /* Fastest, lowest quality. Optional low-pass filtering. Default. */
    ma_resample_algorithm_custom,
} ma_resample_algorithm;

struct ma_resampler_config
{
    ma_format format;   /* Must be either ma_format_f32 or ma_format_s16. */
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateIn;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateOut;
    ma_resample_algorithm algorithm;    /* When set to ma_resample_algorithm_custom, pBackendVTable will be used. */
    ma_resampling_backend_vtable* pBackendVTable;
    void* pBackendUserData;
    struct
    {
        ma_uint32 lpfOrder;
    } linear;
};

MA_API ma_resampler_config ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut, ma_resample_algorithm algorithm);

typedef struct
{
    ma_resampling_backend* pBackend;
    ma_resampling_backend_vtable* pBackendVTable;
    void* pBackendUserData;
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateIn;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateOut;
    union
    {
        ma_linear_resampler linear;
    } state;    /* State for stock resamplers so we can avoid a malloc. For stock resamplers, pBackend will point here. */

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_resampler;

MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_get_heap_size(const ma_resampler_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_init_preallocated(const ma_resampler_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_resampler* pResampler);

/*
Initializes a new resampler object from a config.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_init(const ma_resampler_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_resampler* pResampler);

/*
Uninitializes a resampler.
*/
MA_API void ma_resampler_uninit(ma_resampler* pResampler, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

/*
Converts the given input data.

Both the input and output frames must be in the format specified in the config when the resampler was initialized.

On input, [pFrameCountOut] contains the number of output frames to process. On output it contains the number of output frames that
were actually processed, which may be less than the requested amount which will happen if there's not enough input data. You can use
ma_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count() to know how many output frames will be processed for a given number of input frames.

On input, [pFrameCountIn] contains the number of input frames contained in [pFramesIn]. On output it contains the number of whole
input frames that were actually processed. You can use ma_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count() to know how many input frames
you should provide for a given number of output frames. [pFramesIn] can be NULL, in which case zeroes will be used instead.

If [pFramesOut] is NULL, a seek is performed. In this case, if [pFrameCountOut] is not NULL it will seek by the specified number of
output frames. Otherwise, if [pFramesCountOut] is NULL and [pFrameCountIn] is not NULL, it will seek by the specified number of input
frames. When seeking, [pFramesIn] is allowed to NULL, in which case the internal timing state will be updated, but no input will be
processed. In this case, any internal filter state will be updated as if zeroes were passed in.

It is an error for [pFramesOut] to be non-NULL and [pFrameCountOut] to be NULL.

It is an error for both [pFrameCountOut] and [pFrameCountIn] to be NULL.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut);


/*
Sets the input and output sample rate.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_set_rate(ma_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut);

/*
Sets the input and output sample rate as a ratio.

The ration is in/out.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_set_rate_ratio(ma_resampler* pResampler, float ratio);

/*
Retrieves the latency introduced by the resampler in input frames.
*/
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_resampler_get_input_latency(const ma_resampler* pResampler);

/*
Retrieves the latency introduced by the resampler in output frames.
*/
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_resampler_get_output_latency(const ma_resampler* pResampler);

/*
Calculates the number of whole input frames that would need to be read from the client in order to output the specified
number of output frames.

The returned value does not include cached input frames. It only returns the number of extra frames that would need to be
read from the input buffer in order to output the specified number of output frames.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(const ma_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pInputFrameCount);

/*
Calculates the number of whole output frames that would be output after fully reading and consuming the specified number of
input frames.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(const ma_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 inputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pOutputFrameCount);

/*
Resets the resampler's timer and clears its internal cache.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_reset(ma_resampler* pResampler);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Channel Conversion

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef enum
{
    ma_channel_conversion_path_unknown,
    ma_channel_conversion_path_passthrough,
    ma_channel_conversion_path_mono_out,    /* Converting to mono. */
    ma_channel_conversion_path_mono_in,     /* Converting from mono. */
    ma_channel_conversion_path_shuffle,     /* Simple shuffle. Will use this when all channels are present in both input and output channel maps, but just in a different order. */
    ma_channel_conversion_path_weights      /* Blended based on weights. */
} ma_channel_conversion_path;

typedef enum
{
    ma_mono_expansion_mode_duplicate = 0,   /* The default. */
    ma_mono_expansion_mode_average,         /* Average the mono channel across all channels. */
    ma_mono_expansion_mode_stereo_only,     /* Duplicate to the left and right channels only and ignore the others. */
    ma_mono_expansion_mode_default = ma_mono_expansion_mode_duplicate
} ma_mono_expansion_mode;

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    const ma_channel* pChannelMapIn;
    const ma_channel* pChannelMapOut;
    ma_channel_mix_mode mixingMode;
    ma_bool32 calculateLFEFromSpatialChannels;  /* When an output LFE channel is present, but no input LFE, set to true to set the output LFE to the average of all spatial channels (LR, FR, etc.). Ignored when an input LFE is present. */
    float** ppWeights;  /* [in][out]. Only used when mixingMode is set to ma_channel_mix_mode_custom_weights. */
} ma_channel_converter_config;

MA_API ma_channel_converter_config ma_channel_converter_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channelsIn, const ma_channel* pChannelMapIn, ma_uint32 channelsOut, const ma_channel* pChannelMapOut, ma_channel_mix_mode mixingMode);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_channel_mix_mode mixingMode;
    ma_channel_conversion_path conversionPath;
    ma_channel* pChannelMapIn;
    ma_channel* pChannelMapOut;
    ma_uint8* pShuffleTable;    /* Indexed by output channel index. */
    union
    {
        float**    f32;
        ma_int32** s16;
    } weights;  /* [in][out] */

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_channel_converter;

MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_get_heap_size(const ma_channel_converter_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_init_preallocated(const ma_channel_converter_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_channel_converter* pConverter);
MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_init(const ma_channel_converter_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_channel_converter* pConverter);
MA_API void ma_channel_converter_uninit(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_get_input_channel_map(const ma_channel_converter* pConverter, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_get_output_channel_map(const ma_channel_converter* pConverter, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Data Conversion

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    ma_format formatIn;
    ma_format formatOut;
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateIn;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateOut;
    ma_channel* pChannelMapIn;
    ma_channel* pChannelMapOut;
    ma_dither_mode ditherMode;
    ma_channel_mix_mode channelMixMode;
    ma_bool32 calculateLFEFromSpatialChannels;  /* When an output LFE channel is present, but no input LFE, set to true to set the output LFE to the average of all spatial channels (LR, FR, etc.). Ignored when an input LFE is present. */
    float** ppChannelWeights;  /* [in][out]. Only used when mixingMode is set to ma_channel_mix_mode_custom_weights. */
    ma_bool32 allowDynamicSampleRate;
    ma_resampler_config resampling;
} ma_data_converter_config;

MA_API ma_data_converter_config ma_data_converter_config_init_default(void);
MA_API ma_data_converter_config ma_data_converter_config_init(ma_format formatIn, ma_format formatOut, ma_uint32 channelsIn, ma_uint32 channelsOut, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut);


typedef enum
{
    ma_data_converter_execution_path_passthrough,       /* No conversion. */
    ma_data_converter_execution_path_format_only,       /* Only format conversion. */
    ma_data_converter_execution_path_channels_only,     /* Only channel conversion. */
    ma_data_converter_execution_path_resample_only,     /* Only resampling. */
    ma_data_converter_execution_path_resample_first,    /* All conversions, but resample as the first step. */
    ma_data_converter_execution_path_channels_first     /* All conversions, but channels as the first step. */
} ma_data_converter_execution_path;

typedef struct
{
    ma_format formatIn;
    ma_format formatOut;
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateIn;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateOut;
    ma_dither_mode ditherMode;
    ma_data_converter_execution_path executionPath; /* The execution path the data converter will follow when processing. */
    ma_channel_converter channelConverter;
    ma_resampler resampler;
    ma_bool8 hasPreFormatConversion;
    ma_bool8 hasPostFormatConversion;
    ma_bool8 hasChannelConverter;
    ma_bool8 hasResampler;
    ma_bool8 isPassthrough;

    /* Memory management. */
    ma_bool8 _ownsHeap;
    void* _pHeap;
} ma_data_converter;

MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_get_heap_size(const ma_data_converter_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_init_preallocated(const ma_data_converter_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_data_converter* pConverter);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_init(const ma_data_converter_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_converter* pConverter);
MA_API void ma_data_converter_uninit(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_set_rate(ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_set_rate_ratio(ma_data_converter* pConverter, float ratioInOut);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_data_converter_get_input_latency(const ma_data_converter* pConverter);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_data_converter_get_output_latency(const ma_data_converter* pConverter);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_get_required_input_frame_count(const ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pInputFrameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_get_expected_output_frame_count(const ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_uint64 inputFrameCount, ma_uint64* pOutputFrameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_get_input_channel_map(const ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_get_output_channel_map(const ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_reset(ma_data_converter* pConverter);


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Format Conversion

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_s16(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_s24(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_s32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_f32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_u8(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_s24(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_f32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_u8(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_s16(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_s32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_f32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_u8(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_s16(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_s24(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_f32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_u8(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_s16(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_s24(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_s32(void* pOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_pcm_convert(void* pOut, ma_format formatOut, const void* pIn, ma_format formatIn, ma_uint64 sampleCount, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);
MA_API void ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(void* pOut, ma_format formatOut, const void* pIn, ma_format formatIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, ma_dither_mode ditherMode);

/*
Deinterleaves an interleaved buffer.
*/
MA_API void ma_deinterleave_pcm_frames(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint64 frameCount, const void* pInterleavedPCMFrames, void** ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames);

/*
Interleaves a group of deinterleaved buffers.
*/
MA_API void ma_interleave_pcm_frames(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint64 frameCount, const void** ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames, void* pInterleavedPCMFrames);


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Channel Maps

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
/*
This is used in the shuffle table to indicate that the channel index is undefined and should be ignored.
*/
#define MA_CHANNEL_INDEX_NULL   255

/*
Retrieves the channel position of the specified channel in the given channel map.

The pChannelMap parameter can be null, in which case miniaudio's default channel map will be assumed.
*/
MA_API ma_channel ma_channel_map_get_channel(const ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_uint32 channelCount, ma_uint32 channelIndex);

/*
Initializes a blank channel map.

When a blank channel map is specified anywhere it indicates that the native channel map should be used.
*/
MA_API void ma_channel_map_init_blank(ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Helper for retrieving a standard channel map.

The output channel map buffer must have a capacity of at least `channelMapCap`.
*/
MA_API void ma_channel_map_init_standard(ma_standard_channel_map standardChannelMap, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Copies a channel map.

Both input and output channel map buffers must have a capacity of at least `channels`.
*/
MA_API void ma_channel_map_copy(ma_channel* pOut, const ma_channel* pIn, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Copies a channel map if one is specified, otherwise copies the default channel map.

The output buffer must have a capacity of at least `channels`. If not NULL, the input channel map must also have a capacity of at least `channels`.
*/
MA_API void ma_channel_map_copy_or_default(ma_channel* pOut, size_t channelMapCapOut, const ma_channel* pIn, ma_uint32 channels);


/*
Determines whether or not a channel map is valid.

A blank channel map is valid (all channels set to MA_CHANNEL_NONE). The way a blank channel map is handled is context specific, but
is usually treated as a passthrough.

Invalid channel maps:
  - A channel map with no channels
  - A channel map with more than one channel and a mono channel

The channel map buffer must have a capacity of at least `channels`.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_is_valid(const ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Helper for comparing two channel maps for equality.

This assumes the channel count is the same between the two.

Both channels map buffers must have a capacity of at least `channels`.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_is_equal(const ma_channel* pChannelMapA, const ma_channel* pChannelMapB, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Helper for determining if a channel map is blank (all channels set to MA_CHANNEL_NONE).

The channel map buffer must have a capacity of at least `channels`.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_is_blank(const ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Helper for determining whether or not a channel is present in the given channel map.

The channel map buffer must have a capacity of at least `channels`.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_contains_channel_position(ma_uint32 channels, const ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_channel channelPosition);

/*
Find a channel position in the given channel map. Returns MA_TRUE if the channel is found; MA_FALSE otherwise. The
index of the channel is output to `pChannelIndex`.

The channel map buffer must have a capacity of at least `channels`.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_find_channel_position(ma_uint32 channels, const ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_channel channelPosition, ma_uint32* pChannelIndex);

/*
Generates a string representing the given channel map.

This is for printing and debugging purposes, not serialization/deserialization.

Returns the length of the string, not including the null terminator.
*/
MA_API size_t ma_channel_map_to_string(const ma_channel* pChannelMap, ma_uint32 channels, char* pBufferOut, size_t bufferCap);

/*
Retrieves a human readable version of a channel position.
*/
MA_API const char* ma_channel_position_to_string(ma_channel channel);


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Conversion Helpers

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/

/*
High-level helper for doing a full format conversion in one go. Returns the number of output frames. Call this with pOut set to NULL to
determine the required size of the output buffer. frameCountOut should be set to the capacity of pOut. If pOut is NULL, frameCountOut is
ignored.

A return value of 0 indicates an error.

This function is useful for one-off bulk conversions, but if you're streaming data you should use the ma_data_converter APIs instead.
*/
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_convert_frames(void* pOut, ma_uint64 frameCountOut, ma_format formatOut, ma_uint32 channelsOut, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 frameCountIn, ma_format formatIn, ma_uint32 channelsIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_convert_frames_ex(void* pOut, ma_uint64 frameCountOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 frameCountIn, const ma_data_converter_config* pConfig);


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Data Source

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef void ma_data_source;

#define MA_DATA_SOURCE_SELF_MANAGED_RANGE_AND_LOOP_POINT    0x00000001

typedef struct
{
    ma_result (* onRead)(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
    ma_result (* onSeek)(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
    ma_result (* onGetDataFormat)(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
    ma_result (* onGetCursor)(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pCursor);
    ma_result (* onGetLength)(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pLength);
    ma_result (* onSetLooping)(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_bool32 isLooping);
    ma_uint32 flags;
} ma_data_source_vtable;

typedef ma_data_source* (* ma_data_source_get_next_proc)(ma_data_source* pDataSource);

typedef struct
{
    const ma_data_source_vtable* vtable;
} ma_data_source_config;

MA_API ma_data_source_config ma_data_source_config_init(void);


typedef struct
{
    const ma_data_source_vtable* vtable;
    ma_uint64 rangeBegInFrames;
    ma_uint64 rangeEndInFrames;             /* Set to -1 for unranged (default). */
    ma_uint64 loopBegInFrames;              /* Relative to rangeBegInFrames. */
    ma_uint64 loopEndInFrames;              /* Relative to rangeBegInFrames. Set to -1 for the end of the range. */
    ma_data_source* pCurrent;               /* When non-NULL, the data source being initialized will act as a proxy and will route all operations to pCurrent. Used in conjunction with pNext/onGetNext for seamless chaining. */
    ma_data_source* pNext;                  /* When set to NULL, onGetNext will be used. */
    ma_data_source_get_next_proc onGetNext; /* Will be used when pNext is NULL. If both are NULL, no next will be used. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isLooping;
} ma_data_source_base;

MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_init(const ma_data_source_config* pConfig, ma_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API void ma_data_source_uninit(ma_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);   /* Must support pFramesOut = NULL in which case a forward seek should be performed. */
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_seek_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesSeeked); /* Can only seek forward. Equivalent to ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pDataSource, NULL, frameCount, &framesRead); */
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_seek_seconds(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float secondCount, float* pSecondsSeeked); /* Can only seek forward. Abstraction to ma_data_source_seek_pcm_frames() */
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_seek_to_second(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float seekPointInSeconds); /* Abstraction to ma_data_source_seek_to_pcm_frame() */
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_get_data_format(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pLength);    /* Returns MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED if the length is unknown or cannot be determined. Decoders can return this. */
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_get_cursor_in_seconds(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_get_length_in_seconds(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_set_looping(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_bool32 isLooping);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_data_source_is_looping(const ma_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_set_range_in_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 rangeBegInFrames, ma_uint64 rangeEndInFrames);
MA_API void ma_data_source_get_range_in_pcm_frames(const ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pRangeBegInFrames, ma_uint64* pRangeEndInFrames);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_set_loop_point_in_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 loopBegInFrames, ma_uint64 loopEndInFrames);
MA_API void ma_data_source_get_loop_point_in_pcm_frames(const ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pLoopBegInFrames, ma_uint64* pLoopEndInFrames);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_set_current(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_data_source* pCurrentDataSource);
MA_API ma_data_source* ma_data_source_get_current(const ma_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_set_next(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_data_source* pNextDataSource);
MA_API ma_data_source* ma_data_source_get_next(const ma_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_set_next_callback(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_data_source_get_next_proc onGetNext);
MA_API ma_data_source_get_next_proc ma_data_source_get_next_callback(const ma_data_source* pDataSource);


typedef struct
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_uint64 cursor;
    ma_uint64 sizeInFrames;
    const void* pData;
} ma_audio_buffer_ref;

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, const void* pData, ma_uint64 sizeInFrames, ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef);
MA_API void ma_audio_buffer_ref_uninit(ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_set_data(ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, const void* pData, ma_uint64 sizeInFrames);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_audio_buffer_ref_read_pcm_frames(ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_bool32 loop);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_map(ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, void** ppFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_unmap(ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, ma_uint64 frameCount);    /* Returns MA_AT_END if the end has been reached. This should be considered successful. */
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_audio_buffer_ref_at_end(const ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(const ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_get_length_in_pcm_frames(const ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, ma_uint64* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_ref_get_available_frames(const ma_audio_buffer_ref* pAudioBufferRef, ma_uint64* pAvailableFrames);



typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_uint64 sizeInFrames;
    const void* pData;  /* If set to NULL, will allocate a block of memory for you. */
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
} ma_audio_buffer_config;

MA_API ma_audio_buffer_config ma_audio_buffer_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint64 sizeInFrames, const void* pData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

typedef struct
{
    ma_audio_buffer_ref ref;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    ma_bool32 ownsData;             /* Used to control whether or not miniaudio owns the data buffer. If set to true, pData will be freed in ma_audio_buffer_uninit(). */
    ma_uint8 _pExtraData[1];        /* For allocating a buffer with the memory located directly after the other memory of the structure. */
} ma_audio_buffer;

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_init(const ma_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_init_copy(const ma_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_alloc_and_init(const ma_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_audio_buffer** ppAudioBuffer);  /* Always copies the data. Doesn't make sense to use this otherwise. Use ma_audio_buffer_uninit_and_free() to uninit. */
MA_API void ma_audio_buffer_uninit(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer);
MA_API void ma_audio_buffer_uninit_and_free(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_audio_buffer_read_pcm_frames(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_bool32 loop);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_map(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, void** ppFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCount);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_unmap(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_uint64 frameCount);    /* Returns MA_AT_END if the end has been reached. This should be considered successful. */
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_audio_buffer_at_end(const ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(const ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_get_length_in_pcm_frames(const ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_uint64* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_get_available_frames(const ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_uint64* pAvailableFrames);


/*
Paged Audio Buffer
==================
A paged audio buffer is made up of a linked list of pages. It's expandable, but not shrinkable. It
can be used for cases where audio data is streamed in asynchronously while allowing data to be read
at the same time.

This is lock-free, but not 100% thread safe. You can append a page and read from the buffer across
simultaneously across different threads, however only one thread at a time can append, and only one
thread at a time can read and seek.
*/
typedef struct ma_paged_audio_buffer_page ma_paged_audio_buffer_page;
struct ma_paged_audio_buffer_page
{
    MA_ATOMIC(MA_SIZEOF_PTR, ma_paged_audio_buffer_page*) pNext;
    ma_uint64 sizeInFrames;
    ma_uint8 pAudioData[1];
};

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_paged_audio_buffer_page head;                                /* Dummy head for the lock-free algorithm. Always has a size of 0. */
    MA_ATOMIC(MA_SIZEOF_PTR, ma_paged_audio_buffer_page*) pTail;    /* Never null. Initially set to &head. */
} ma_paged_audio_buffer_data;

MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData);
MA_API void ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_uninit(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_paged_audio_buffer_page* ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_get_head(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData);
MA_API ma_paged_audio_buffer_page* ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_get_tail(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData, ma_uint64* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_allocate_page(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData, ma_uint64 pageSizeInFrames, const void* pInitialData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_paged_audio_buffer_page** ppPage);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_free_page(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData, ma_paged_audio_buffer_page* pPage, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_append_page(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData, ma_paged_audio_buffer_page* pPage);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_data_allocate_and_append_page(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData, ma_uint32 pageSizeInFrames, const void* pInitialData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


typedef struct
{
    ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData;  /* Must not be null. */
} ma_paged_audio_buffer_config;

MA_API ma_paged_audio_buffer_config ma_paged_audio_buffer_config_init(ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData);


typedef struct
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;
    ma_paged_audio_buffer_data* pData;              /* Audio data is read from here. Cannot be null. */
    ma_paged_audio_buffer_page* pCurrent;
    ma_uint64 relativeCursor;                       /* Relative to the current page. */
    ma_uint64 absoluteCursor;
} ma_paged_audio_buffer;

MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_init(const ma_paged_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_paged_audio_buffer* pPagedAudioBuffer);
MA_API void ma_paged_audio_buffer_uninit(ma_paged_audio_buffer* pPagedAudioBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_read_pcm_frames(ma_paged_audio_buffer* pPagedAudioBuffer, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);   /* Returns MA_AT_END if no more pages available. */
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_paged_audio_buffer* pPagedAudioBuffer, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_paged_audio_buffer* pPagedAudioBuffer, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_paged_audio_buffer_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_paged_audio_buffer* pPagedAudioBuffer, ma_uint64* pLength);



/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Ring Buffer

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef struct
{
    void* pBuffer;
    ma_uint32 subbufferSizeInBytes;
    ma_uint32 subbufferCount;
    ma_uint32 subbufferStrideInBytes;
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) encodedReadOffset;  /* Most significant bit is the loop flag. Lower 31 bits contains the actual offset in bytes. Must be used atomically. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) encodedWriteOffset; /* Most significant bit is the loop flag. Lower 31 bits contains the actual offset in bytes. Must be used atomically. */
    ma_bool8 ownsBuffer;                        /* Used to know whether or not miniaudio is responsible for free()-ing the buffer. */
    ma_bool8 clearOnWriteAcquire;               /* When set, clears the acquired write buffer before returning from ma_rb_acquire_write(). */
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
} ma_rb;

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_init_ex(size_t subbufferSizeInBytes, size_t subbufferCount, size_t subbufferStrideInBytes, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_result ma_rb_init(size_t bufferSizeInBytes, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API void ma_rb_uninit(ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API void ma_rb_reset(ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_result ma_rb_acquire_read(ma_rb* pRB, size_t* pSizeInBytes, void** ppBufferOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_rb_commit_read(ma_rb* pRB, size_t sizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_rb_acquire_write(ma_rb* pRB, size_t* pSizeInBytes, void** ppBufferOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_rb_commit_write(ma_rb* pRB, size_t sizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_rb_seek_read(ma_rb* pRB, size_t offsetInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_rb_seek_write(ma_rb* pRB, size_t offsetInBytes);
MA_API ma_int32 ma_rb_pointer_distance(ma_rb* pRB);    /* Returns the distance between the write pointer and the read pointer. Should never be negative for a correct program. Will return the number of bytes that can be read before the read pointer hits the write pointer. */
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_rb_available_read(ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_rb_available_write(ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API size_t ma_rb_get_subbuffer_size(ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API size_t ma_rb_get_subbuffer_stride(ma_rb* pRB);
MA_API size_t ma_rb_get_subbuffer_offset(ma_rb* pRB, size_t subbufferIndex);
MA_API void* ma_rb_get_subbuffer_ptr(ma_rb* pRB, size_t subbufferIndex, void* pBuffer);


typedef struct
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;
    ma_rb rb;
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate; /* Not required for the ring buffer itself, but useful for associating the data with some sample rate, particularly for data sources. */
} ma_pcm_rb;

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_init_ex(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 subbufferSizeInFrames, ma_uint32 subbufferCount, ma_uint32 subbufferStrideInFrames, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API void ma_pcm_rb_uninit(ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API void ma_pcm_rb_reset(ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_acquire_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32* pSizeInFrames, void** ppBufferOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_commit_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 sizeInFrames);
MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32* pSizeInFrames, void** ppBufferOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 sizeInFrames);
MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_seek_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 offsetInFrames);
MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_seek_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 offsetInFrames);
MA_API ma_int32 ma_pcm_rb_pointer_distance(ma_pcm_rb* pRB); /* Return value is in frames. */
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_available_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_available_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_size(ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_stride(ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_offset(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 subbufferIndex);
MA_API void* ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_ptr(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 subbufferIndex, void* pBuffer);
MA_API ma_format ma_pcm_rb_get_format(const ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_channels(const ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_sample_rate(const ma_pcm_rb* pRB);
MA_API void ma_pcm_rb_set_sample_rate(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 sampleRate);


/*
The idea of the duplex ring buffer is to act as the intermediary buffer when running two asynchronous devices in a duplex set up. The
capture device writes to it, and then a playback device reads from it.

At the moment this is just a simple naive implementation, but in the future I want to implement some dynamic resampling to seamlessly
handle desyncs. Note that the API is work in progress and may change at any time in any version.

The size of the buffer is based on the capture side since that's what'll be written to the buffer. It is based on the capture period size
in frames. The internal sample rate of the capture device is also needed in order to calculate the size.
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_pcm_rb rb;
} ma_duplex_rb;

MA_API ma_result ma_duplex_rb_init(ma_format captureFormat, ma_uint32 captureChannels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, ma_uint32 captureInternalSampleRate, ma_uint32 captureInternalPeriodSizeInFrames, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_duplex_rb* pRB);
MA_API ma_result ma_duplex_rb_uninit(ma_duplex_rb* pRB);


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Miscellaneous Helpers

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
/*
Retrieves a human readable description of the given result code.
*/
MA_API const char* ma_result_description(ma_result result);

/*
malloc()
*/
MA_API void* ma_malloc(size_t sz, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

/*
calloc()
*/
MA_API void* ma_calloc(size_t sz, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

/*
realloc()
*/
MA_API void* ma_realloc(void* p, size_t sz, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

/*
free()
*/
MA_API void ma_free(void* p, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

/*
Performs an aligned malloc, with the assumption that the alignment is a power of 2.
*/
MA_API void* ma_aligned_malloc(size_t sz, size_t alignment, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

/*
Free's an aligned malloc'd buffer.
*/
MA_API void ma_aligned_free(void* p, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

/*
Retrieves a friendly name for a format.
*/
MA_API const char* ma_get_format_name(ma_format format);

/*
Blends two frames in floating point format.
*/
MA_API void ma_blend_f32(float* pOut, float* pInA, float* pInB, float factor, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Retrieves the size of a sample in bytes for the given format.

This API is efficient and is implemented using a lookup table.

Thread Safety: SAFE
  This API is pure.
*/
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_get_bytes_per_sample(ma_format format);
static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_get_bytes_per_frame(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels) { return ma_get_bytes_per_sample(format) * channels; }

/*
Converts a log level to a string.
*/
MA_API const char* ma_log_level_to_string(ma_uint32 logLevel);




/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Synchronization

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
/*
Locks a spinlock.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_spinlock_lock(volatile ma_spinlock* pSpinlock);

/*
Locks a spinlock, but does not yield() when looping.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_spinlock_lock_noyield(volatile ma_spinlock* pSpinlock);

/*
Unlocks a spinlock.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_spinlock_unlock(volatile ma_spinlock* pSpinlock);


#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING

/*
Creates a mutex.

A mutex must be created from a valid context. A mutex is initially unlocked.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_mutex_init(ma_mutex* pMutex);

/*
Deletes a mutex.
*/
MA_API void ma_mutex_uninit(ma_mutex* pMutex);

/*
Locks a mutex with an infinite timeout.
*/
MA_API void ma_mutex_lock(ma_mutex* pMutex);

/*
Unlocks a mutex.
*/
MA_API void ma_mutex_unlock(ma_mutex* pMutex);


/*
Initializes an auto-reset event.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_event_init(ma_event* pEvent);

/*
Uninitializes an auto-reset event.
*/
MA_API void ma_event_uninit(ma_event* pEvent);

/*
Waits for the specified auto-reset event to become signalled.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_event_wait(ma_event* pEvent);

/*
Signals the specified auto-reset event.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_event_signal(ma_event* pEvent);


MA_API ma_result ma_semaphore_init(int initialValue, ma_semaphore* pSemaphore);
MA_API void ma_semaphore_uninit(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore);
MA_API ma_result ma_semaphore_wait(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore);
MA_API ma_result ma_semaphore_release(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore);
#endif  /* MA_NO_THREADING */


/*
Fence
=====
This locks while the counter is larger than 0. Counter can be incremented and decremented by any
thread, but care needs to be taken when waiting. It is possible for one thread to acquire the
fence just as another thread returns from ma_fence_wait().

The idea behind a fence is to allow you to wait for a group of operations to complete. When an
operation starts, the counter is incremented which locks the fence. When the operation completes,
the fence will be released which decrements the counter. ma_fence_wait() will block until the
counter hits zero.

If threading is disabled, ma_fence_wait() will spin on the counter.
*/
typedef struct
{
#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
    ma_event e;
#endif
    ma_uint32 counter;
} ma_fence;

MA_API ma_result ma_fence_init(ma_fence* pFence);
MA_API void ma_fence_uninit(ma_fence* pFence);
MA_API ma_result ma_fence_acquire(ma_fence* pFence);    /* Increment counter. */
MA_API ma_result ma_fence_release(ma_fence* pFence);    /* Decrement counter. */
MA_API ma_result ma_fence_wait(ma_fence* pFence);       /* Wait for counter to reach 0. */



/*
Notification callback for asynchronous operations.
*/
typedef void ma_async_notification;

typedef struct
{
    void (* onSignal)(ma_async_notification* pNotification);
} ma_async_notification_callbacks;

MA_API ma_result ma_async_notification_signal(ma_async_notification* pNotification);


/*
Simple polling notification.

This just sets a variable when the notification has been signalled which is then polled with ma_async_notification_poll_is_signalled()
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_async_notification_callbacks cb;
    ma_bool32 signalled;
} ma_async_notification_poll;

MA_API ma_result ma_async_notification_poll_init(ma_async_notification_poll* pNotificationPoll);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_async_notification_poll_is_signalled(const ma_async_notification_poll* pNotificationPoll);


/*
Event Notification

This uses an ma_event. If threading is disabled (MA_NO_THREADING), initialization will fail.
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_async_notification_callbacks cb;
#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
    ma_event e;
#endif
} ma_async_notification_event;

MA_API ma_result ma_async_notification_event_init(ma_async_notification_event* pNotificationEvent);
MA_API ma_result ma_async_notification_event_uninit(ma_async_notification_event* pNotificationEvent);
MA_API ma_result ma_async_notification_event_wait(ma_async_notification_event* pNotificationEvent);
MA_API ma_result ma_async_notification_event_signal(ma_async_notification_event* pNotificationEvent);




/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Job Queue

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/

/*
Slot Allocator
--------------
The idea of the slot allocator is for it to be used in conjunction with a fixed sized buffer. You use the slot allocator to allocate an index that can be used
as the insertion point for an object.

Slots are reference counted to help mitigate the ABA problem in the lock-free queue we use for tracking jobs.

The slot index is stored in the low 32 bits. The reference counter is stored in the high 32 bits:

    +-----------------+-----------------+
    | 32 Bits         | 32 Bits         |
    +-----------------+-----------------+
    | Reference Count | Slot Index      |
    +-----------------+-----------------+
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 capacity;    /* The number of slots to make available. */
} ma_slot_allocator_config;

MA_API ma_slot_allocator_config ma_slot_allocator_config_init(ma_uint32 capacity);


typedef struct
{
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) bitfield;   /* Must be used atomically because the allocation and freeing routines need to make copies of this which must never be optimized away by the compiler. */
} ma_slot_allocator_group;

typedef struct
{
    ma_slot_allocator_group* pGroups;   /* Slots are grouped in chunks of 32. */
    ma_uint32* pSlots;                  /* 32 bits for reference counting for ABA mitigation. */
    ma_uint32 count;                    /* Allocation count. */
    ma_uint32 capacity;

    /* Memory management. */
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
    void* _pHeap;
} ma_slot_allocator;

MA_API ma_result ma_slot_allocator_get_heap_size(const ma_slot_allocator_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_slot_allocator_init_preallocated(const ma_slot_allocator_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_slot_allocator* pAllocator);
MA_API ma_result ma_slot_allocator_init(const ma_slot_allocator_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_slot_allocator* pAllocator);
MA_API void ma_slot_allocator_uninit(ma_slot_allocator* pAllocator, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_slot_allocator_alloc(ma_slot_allocator* pAllocator, ma_uint64* pSlot);
MA_API ma_result ma_slot_allocator_free(ma_slot_allocator* pAllocator, ma_uint64 slot);


typedef struct ma_job ma_job;

/*
Callback for processing a job. Each job type will have their own processing callback which will be
called by ma_job_process().
*/
typedef ma_result (* ma_job_proc)(ma_job* pJob);

/* When a job type is added here an callback needs to be added go "g_jobVTable" in the implementation section. */
typedef enum
{
    /* Miscellaneous. */
    MA_JOB_TYPE_QUIT = 0,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_CUSTOM,

    /* Resource Manager. */
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_LOAD_DATA_BUFFER_NODE,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FREE_DATA_BUFFER_NODE,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PAGE_DATA_BUFFER_NODE,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_LOAD_DATA_BUFFER,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FREE_DATA_BUFFER,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_LOAD_DATA_STREAM,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FREE_DATA_STREAM,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PAGE_DATA_STREAM,
    MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_SEEK_DATA_STREAM,

    /* Device. */
    MA_JOB_TYPE_DEVICE_AAUDIO_REROUTE,

    /* Count. Must always be last. */
    MA_JOB_TYPE_COUNT
} ma_job_type;

struct ma_job
{
    union
    {
        struct
        {
            ma_uint16 code;         /* Job type. */
            ma_uint16 slot;         /* Index into a ma_slot_allocator. */
            ma_uint32 refcount;
        } breakup;
        ma_uint64 allocation;
    } toc;  /* 8 bytes. We encode the job code into the slot allocation data to save space. */
    MA_ATOMIC(8, ma_uint64) next; /* refcount + slot for the next item. Does not include the job code. */
    ma_uint32 order;    /* Execution order. Used to create a data dependency and ensure a job is executed in order. Usage is contextual depending on the job type. */

    union
    {
        /* Miscellaneous. */
        struct
        {
            ma_job_proc proc;
            ma_uintptr data0;
            ma_uintptr data1;
        } custom;

        /* Resource Manager */
        union
        {
            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager**/ void* pResourceManager;
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node**/ void* pDataBufferNode;
                char* pFilePath;
                wchar_t* pFilePathW;
                ma_uint32 flags;                                /* Resource manager data source flags that were used when initializing the data buffer. */
                ma_async_notification* pInitNotification;       /* Signalled when the data buffer has been initialized and the format/channels/rate can be retrieved. */
                ma_async_notification* pDoneNotification;       /* Signalled when the data buffer has been fully decoded. Will be passed through to MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_PAGE_DATA_BUFFER_NODE when decoding. */
                ma_fence* pInitFence;                           /* Released when initialization of the decoder is complete. */
                ma_fence* pDoneFence;                           /* Released if initialization of the decoder fails. Passed through to PAGE_DATA_BUFFER_NODE untouched if init is successful. */
            } loadDataBufferNode;
            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager**/ void* pResourceManager;
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node**/ void* pDataBufferNode;
                ma_async_notification* pDoneNotification;
                ma_fence* pDoneFence;
            } freeDataBufferNode;
            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager**/ void* pResourceManager;
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node**/ void* pDataBufferNode;
                /*ma_decoder**/ void* pDecoder;
                ma_async_notification* pDoneNotification;       /* Signalled when the data buffer has been fully decoded. */
                ma_fence* pDoneFence;                           /* Passed through from LOAD_DATA_BUFFER_NODE and released when the data buffer completes decoding or an error occurs. */
            } pageDataBufferNode;

            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_buffer**/ void* pDataBuffer;
                ma_async_notification* pInitNotification;       /* Signalled when the data buffer has been initialized and the format/channels/rate can be retrieved. */
                ma_async_notification* pDoneNotification;       /* Signalled when the data buffer has been fully decoded. */
                ma_fence* pInitFence;                           /* Released when the data buffer has been initialized and the format/channels/rate can be retrieved. */
                ma_fence* pDoneFence;                           /* Released when the data buffer has been fully decoded. */
                ma_uint64 rangeBegInPCMFrames;
                ma_uint64 rangeEndInPCMFrames;
                ma_uint64 loopPointBegInPCMFrames;
                ma_uint64 loopPointEndInPCMFrames;
                ma_uint32 isLooping;
            } loadDataBuffer;
            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_buffer**/ void* pDataBuffer;
                ma_async_notification* pDoneNotification;
                ma_fence* pDoneFence;
            } freeDataBuffer;

            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_stream**/ void* pDataStream;
                char* pFilePath;                            /* Allocated when the job is posted, freed by the job thread after loading. */
                wchar_t* pFilePathW;                        /* ^ As above ^. Only used if pFilePath is NULL. */
                ma_uint64 initialSeekPoint;
                ma_async_notification* pInitNotification;   /* Signalled after the first two pages have been decoded and frames can be read from the stream. */
                ma_fence* pInitFence;
            } loadDataStream;
            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_stream**/ void* pDataStream;
                ma_async_notification* pDoneNotification;
                ma_fence* pDoneFence;
            } freeDataStream;
            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_stream**/ void* pDataStream;
                ma_uint32 pageIndex;                    /* The index of the page to decode into. */
            } pageDataStream;
            struct
            {
                /*ma_resource_manager_data_stream**/ void* pDataStream;
                ma_uint64 frameIndex;
            } seekDataStream;
        } resourceManager;

        /* Device. */
        union
        {
            union
            {
                struct
                {
                    /*ma_device**/ void* pDevice;
                    /*ma_device_type*/ ma_uint32 deviceType;
                } reroute;
            } aaudio;
        } device;
    } data;
};

MA_API ma_job ma_job_init(ma_uint16 code);
MA_API ma_result ma_job_process(ma_job* pJob);


/*
When set, ma_job_queue_next() will not wait and no semaphore will be signaled in
ma_job_queue_post(). ma_job_queue_next() will return MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE if nothing is available.

This flag should always be used for platforms that do not support multithreading.
*/
typedef enum
{
    MA_JOB_QUEUE_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING = 0x00000001
} ma_job_queue_flags;

typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 flags;
    ma_uint32 capacity; /* The maximum number of jobs that can fit in the queue at a time. */
} ma_job_queue_config;

MA_API ma_job_queue_config ma_job_queue_config_init(ma_uint32 flags, ma_uint32 capacity);


typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 flags;                /* Flags passed in at initialization time. */
    ma_uint32 capacity;             /* The maximum number of jobs that can fit in the queue at a time. Set by the config. */
    MA_ATOMIC(8, ma_uint64) head;   /* The first item in the list. Required for removing from the top of the list. */
    MA_ATOMIC(8, ma_uint64) tail;   /* The last item in the list. Required for appending to the end of the list. */
#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
    ma_semaphore sem;               /* Only used when MA_JOB_QUEUE_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING is unset. */
#endif
    ma_slot_allocator allocator;
    ma_job* pJobs;
#ifndef MA_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_LOCK_FREE_JOB_QUEUE
    ma_spinlock lock;
#endif

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_job_queue;

MA_API ma_result ma_job_queue_get_heap_size(const ma_job_queue_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_job_queue_init_preallocated(const ma_job_queue_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_job_queue* pQueue);
MA_API ma_result ma_job_queue_init(const ma_job_queue_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_job_queue* pQueue);
MA_API void ma_job_queue_uninit(ma_job_queue* pQueue, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_job_queue_post(ma_job_queue* pQueue, const ma_job* pJob);
MA_API ma_result ma_job_queue_next(ma_job_queue* pQueue, ma_job* pJob); /* Returns MA_CANCELLED if the next job is a quit job. */



/************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************

DEVICE I/O
==========

This section contains the APIs for device playback and capture. Here is where you'll find ma_device_init(), etc.

*************************************************************************************************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_DEVICE_IO
/* Some backends are only supported on certain platforms. */
#if defined(MA_WIN32) && !defined(MA_XBOX)
    #define MA_SUPPORT_WASAPI

    #if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)   /* DirectSound and WinMM backends are only supported on desktops. */
        #define MA_SUPPORT_DSOUND
        #define MA_SUPPORT_WINMM
        #define MA_SUPPORT_JACK     /* JACK is technically supported on Windows, but I don't know how many people use it in practice... */
    #endif
#endif
#if defined(MA_UNIX) && !defined(MA_ORBIS) && !defined(MA_PROSPERO)
    #if defined(MA_LINUX)
        #if !defined(MA_ANDROID) && !defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)   /* ALSA is not supported on Android. */
            #define MA_SUPPORT_ALSA
        #endif
    #endif
    #if !defined(MA_BSD) && !defined(MA_ANDROID) && !defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)
        #define MA_SUPPORT_PULSEAUDIO
        #define MA_SUPPORT_JACK
    #endif
    #if defined(__OpenBSD__)        /* <-- Change this to "#if defined(MA_BSD)" to enable sndio on all BSD flavors. */
        #define MA_SUPPORT_SNDIO    /* sndio is only supported on OpenBSD for now. May be expanded later if there's demand. */
    #endif
    #if defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
        #define MA_SUPPORT_AUDIO4   /* Only support audio(4) on platforms with known support. */
    #endif
    #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
        #define MA_SUPPORT_OSS      /* Only support OSS on specific platforms with known support. */
    #endif
#endif
#if defined(MA_ANDROID)
    #define MA_SUPPORT_AAUDIO
    #define MA_SUPPORT_OPENSL
#endif
#if defined(MA_APPLE)
    #define MA_SUPPORT_COREAUDIO
#endif
#if defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)
    #define MA_SUPPORT_WEBAUDIO
#endif

/* All platforms should support custom backends. */
#define MA_SUPPORT_CUSTOM

/* Explicitly disable the Null backend for Emscripten because it uses a background thread which is not properly supported right now. */
#if !defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)
#define MA_SUPPORT_NULL
#endif


#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_WASAPI) && !defined(MA_NO_WASAPI) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_WASAPI))
    #define MA_HAS_WASAPI
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_DSOUND) && !defined(MA_NO_DSOUND) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_DSOUND))
    #define MA_HAS_DSOUND
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_WINMM) && !defined(MA_NO_WINMM) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_WINMM))
    #define MA_HAS_WINMM
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_ALSA) && !defined(MA_NO_ALSA) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_ALSA))
    #define MA_HAS_ALSA
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_PULSEAUDIO) && !defined(MA_NO_PULSEAUDIO) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_PULSEAUDIO))
    #define MA_HAS_PULSEAUDIO
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_JACK) && !defined(MA_NO_JACK) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_JACK))
    #define MA_HAS_JACK
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_COREAUDIO) && !defined(MA_NO_COREAUDIO) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_COREAUDIO))
    #define MA_HAS_COREAUDIO
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SNDIO) && !defined(MA_NO_SNDIO) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_SNDIO))
    #define MA_HAS_SNDIO
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AUDIO4) && !defined(MA_NO_AUDIO4) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_AUDIO4))
    #define MA_HAS_AUDIO4
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_OSS) && !defined(MA_NO_OSS) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_OSS))
    #define MA_HAS_OSS
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AAUDIO) && !defined(MA_NO_AAUDIO) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_AAUDIO))
    #define MA_HAS_AAUDIO
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_OPENSL) && !defined(MA_NO_OPENSL) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_OPENSL))
    #define MA_HAS_OPENSL
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_WEBAUDIO) && !defined(MA_NO_WEBAUDIO) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_WEBAUDIO))
    #define MA_HAS_WEBAUDIO
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_CUSTOM) && !defined(MA_NO_CUSTOM) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_CUSTOM))
    #define MA_HAS_CUSTOM
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NULL) && !defined(MA_NO_NULL) && (!defined(MA_ENABLE_ONLY_SPECIFIC_BACKENDS) || defined(MA_ENABLE_NULL))
    #define MA_HAS_NULL
#endif

typedef enum
{
    ma_device_state_uninitialized = 0,
    ma_device_state_stopped       = 1,  /* The device's default state after initialization. */
    ma_device_state_started       = 2,  /* The device is started and is requesting and/or delivering audio data. */
    ma_device_state_starting      = 3,  /* Transitioning from a stopped state to started. */
    ma_device_state_stopping      = 4   /* Transitioning from a started state to stopped. */
} ma_device_state;

MA_ATOMIC_SAFE_TYPE_DECL(i32, 4, device_state)


#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_WASAPI
/* We need a IMMNotificationClient object for WASAPI. */
typedef struct
{
    void* lpVtbl;
    ma_uint32 counter;
    ma_device* pDevice;
} ma_IMMNotificationClient;
#endif

/* Backend enums must be in priority order. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_backend_wasapi,
    ma_backend_dsound,
    ma_backend_winmm,
    ma_backend_coreaudio,
    ma_backend_sndio,
    ma_backend_audio4,
    ma_backend_oss,
    ma_backend_pulseaudio,
    ma_backend_alsa,
    ma_backend_jack,
    ma_backend_aaudio,
    ma_backend_opensl,
    ma_backend_webaudio,
    ma_backend_custom,  /* <-- Custom backend, with callbacks defined by the context config. */
    ma_backend_null     /* <-- Must always be the last item. Lowest priority, and used as the terminator for backend enumeration. */
} ma_backend;

#define MA_BACKEND_COUNT (ma_backend_null+1)


/*
Device job thread. This is used by backends that require asynchronous processing of certain
operations. It is not used by all backends.

The device job thread is made up of a thread and a job queue. You can post a job to the thread with
ma_device_job_thread_post(). The thread will do the processing of the job.
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_bool32 noThread; /* Set this to true if you want to process jobs yourself. */
    ma_uint32 jobQueueCapacity;
    ma_uint32 jobQueueFlags;
} ma_device_job_thread_config;

MA_API ma_device_job_thread_config ma_device_job_thread_config_init(void);

typedef struct
{
    ma_thread thread;
    ma_job_queue jobQueue;
    ma_bool32 _hasThread;
} ma_device_job_thread;

MA_API ma_result ma_device_job_thread_init(const ma_device_job_thread_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_device_job_thread* pJobThread);
MA_API void ma_device_job_thread_uninit(ma_device_job_thread* pJobThread, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_device_job_thread_post(ma_device_job_thread* pJobThread, const ma_job* pJob);
MA_API ma_result ma_device_job_thread_next(ma_device_job_thread* pJobThread, ma_job* pJob);



/* Device notification types. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_device_notification_type_started,
    ma_device_notification_type_stopped,
    ma_device_notification_type_rerouted,
    ma_device_notification_type_interruption_began,
    ma_device_notification_type_interruption_ended,
    ma_device_notification_type_unlocked
} ma_device_notification_type;

typedef struct
{
    ma_device* pDevice;
    ma_device_notification_type type;
    union
    {
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } started;
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } stopped;
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } rerouted;
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } interruption;
    } data;
} ma_device_notification;

/*
The notification callback for when the application should be notified of a change to the device.

This callback is used for notifying the application of changes such as when the device has started,
stopped, rerouted or an interruption has occurred. Note that not all backends will post all
notification types. For example, some backends will perform automatic stream routing without any
kind of notification to the host program which means miniaudio will never know about it and will
never be able to fire the rerouted notification. You should keep this in mind when designing your
program.

The stopped notification will *not* get fired when a device is rerouted.


Parameters
----------
pNotification (in)
    A pointer to a structure containing information about the event. Use the `pDevice` member of
    this object to retrieve the relevant device. The `type` member can be used to discriminate
    against each of the notification types.


Remarks
-------
Do not restart or uninitialize the device from the callback.

Not all notifications will be triggered by all backends, however the started and stopped events
should be reliable for all backends. Some backends do not have a good way to detect device
stoppages due to unplugging the device which may result in the stopped callback not getting
fired. This has been observed with at least one BSD variant.

The rerouted notification is fired *after* the reroute has occurred. The stopped notification will
*not* get fired when a device is rerouted. The following backends are known to do automatic stream
rerouting, but do not have a way to be notified of the change:

  * DirectSound

The interruption notifications are used on mobile platforms for detecting when audio is interrupted
due to things like an incoming phone call. Currently this is only implemented on iOS. None of the
Android backends will report this notification.
*/
typedef void (* ma_device_notification_proc)(const ma_device_notification* pNotification);


/*
The callback for processing audio data from the device.

The data callback is fired by miniaudio whenever the device needs to have more data delivered to a playback device, or when a capture device has some data
available. This is called as soon as the backend asks for more data which means it may be called with inconsistent frame counts. You cannot assume the
callback will be fired with a consistent frame count.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the relevant device.

pOutput (out)
    A pointer to the output buffer that will receive audio data that will later be played back through the speakers. This will be non-null for a playback or
    full-duplex device and null for a capture and loopback device.

pInput (in)
    A pointer to the buffer containing input data from a recording device. This will be non-null for a capture, full-duplex or loopback device and null for a
    playback device.

frameCount (in)
    The number of PCM frames to process. Note that this will not necessarily be equal to what you requested when you initialized the device. The
    `periodSizeInFrames` and `periodSizeInMilliseconds` members of the device config are just hints, and are not necessarily exactly what you'll get. You must
    not assume this will always be the same value each time the callback is fired.


Remarks
-------
You cannot stop and start the device from inside the callback or else you'll get a deadlock. You must also not uninitialize the device from inside the
callback. The following APIs cannot be called from inside the callback:

    ma_device_init()
    ma_device_init_ex()
    ma_device_uninit()
    ma_device_start()
    ma_device_stop()

The proper way to stop the device is to call `ma_device_stop()` from a different thread, normally the main application thread.
*/
typedef void (* ma_device_data_proc)(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount);




/*
DEPRECATED. Use ma_device_notification_proc instead.

The callback for when the device has been stopped.

This will be called when the device is stopped explicitly with `ma_device_stop()` and also called implicitly when the device is stopped through external forces
such as being unplugged or an internal error occurring.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device that has just stopped.


Remarks
-------
Do not restart or uninitialize the device from the callback.
*/
typedef void (* ma_stop_proc)(ma_device* pDevice);  /* DEPRECATED. Use ma_device_notification_proc instead. */

typedef enum
{
    ma_device_type_playback = 1,
    ma_device_type_capture  = 2,
    ma_device_type_duplex   = ma_device_type_playback | ma_device_type_capture, /* 3 */
    ma_device_type_loopback = 4
} ma_device_type;

typedef enum
{
    ma_share_mode_shared = 0,
    ma_share_mode_exclusive
} ma_share_mode;

/* iOS/tvOS/watchOS session categories. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_ios_session_category_default = 0,        /* AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord. */
    ma_ios_session_category_none,               /* Leave the session category unchanged. */
    ma_ios_session_category_ambient,            /* AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient */
    ma_ios_session_category_solo_ambient,       /* AVAudioSessionCategorySoloAmbient */
    ma_ios_session_category_playback,           /* AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback */
    ma_ios_session_category_record,             /* AVAudioSessionCategoryRecord */
    ma_ios_session_category_play_and_record,    /* AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord */
    ma_ios_session_category_multi_route         /* AVAudioSessionCategoryMultiRoute */
} ma_ios_session_category;

/* iOS/tvOS/watchOS session category options */
typedef enum
{
    ma_ios_session_category_option_mix_with_others                            = 0x01,   /* AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionMixWithOthers */
    ma_ios_session_category_option_duck_others                                = 0x02,   /* AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionDuckOthers */
    ma_ios_session_category_option_allow_bluetooth                            = 0x04,   /* AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionAllowBluetooth */
    ma_ios_session_category_option_default_to_speaker                         = 0x08,   /* AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionDefaultToSpeaker */
    ma_ios_session_category_option_interrupt_spoken_audio_and_mix_with_others = 0x11,   /* AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionInterruptSpokenAudioAndMixWithOthers */
    ma_ios_session_category_option_allow_bluetooth_a2dp                       = 0x20,   /* AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionAllowBluetoothA2DP */
    ma_ios_session_category_option_allow_air_play                             = 0x40,   /* AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionAllowAirPlay */
} ma_ios_session_category_option;

/* OpenSL stream types. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_opensl_stream_type_default = 0,              /* Leaves the stream type unset. */
    ma_opensl_stream_type_voice,                    /* SL_ANDROID_STREAM_VOICE */
    ma_opensl_stream_type_system,                   /* SL_ANDROID_STREAM_SYSTEM */
    ma_opensl_stream_type_ring,                     /* SL_ANDROID_STREAM_RING */
    ma_opensl_stream_type_media,                    /* SL_ANDROID_STREAM_MEDIA */
    ma_opensl_stream_type_alarm,                    /* SL_ANDROID_STREAM_ALARM */
    ma_opensl_stream_type_notification              /* SL_ANDROID_STREAM_NOTIFICATION */
} ma_opensl_stream_type;

/* OpenSL recording presets. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_opensl_recording_preset_default = 0,         /* Leaves the input preset unset. */
    ma_opensl_recording_preset_generic,             /* SL_ANDROID_RECORDING_PRESET_GENERIC */
    ma_opensl_recording_preset_camcorder,           /* SL_ANDROID_RECORDING_PRESET_CAMCORDER */
    ma_opensl_recording_preset_voice_recognition,   /* SL_ANDROID_RECORDING_PRESET_VOICE_RECOGNITION */
    ma_opensl_recording_preset_voice_communication, /* SL_ANDROID_RECORDING_PRESET_VOICE_COMMUNICATION */
    ma_opensl_recording_preset_voice_unprocessed    /* SL_ANDROID_RECORDING_PRESET_UNPROCESSED */
} ma_opensl_recording_preset;

/* WASAPI audio thread priority characteristics. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_wasapi_usage_default = 0,
    ma_wasapi_usage_games,
    ma_wasapi_usage_pro_audio,
} ma_wasapi_usage;

/* AAudio usage types. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_aaudio_usage_default = 0,                    /* Leaves the usage type unset. */
    ma_aaudio_usage_media,                          /* AAUDIO_USAGE_MEDIA */
    ma_aaudio_usage_voice_communication,            /* AAUDIO_USAGE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION */
    ma_aaudio_usage_voice_communication_signalling, /* AAUDIO_USAGE_VOICE_COMMUNICATION_SIGNALLING */
    ma_aaudio_usage_alarm,                          /* AAUDIO_USAGE_ALARM */
    ma_aaudio_usage_notification,                   /* AAUDIO_USAGE_NOTIFICATION */
    ma_aaudio_usage_notification_ringtone,          /* AAUDIO_USAGE_NOTIFICATION_RINGTONE */
    ma_aaudio_usage_notification_event,             /* AAUDIO_USAGE_NOTIFICATION_EVENT */
    ma_aaudio_usage_assistance_accessibility,       /* AAUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_ACCESSIBILITY */
    ma_aaudio_usage_assistance_navigation_guidance, /* AAUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_NAVIGATION_GUIDANCE */
    ma_aaudio_usage_assistance_sonification,        /* AAUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANCE_SONIFICATION */
    ma_aaudio_usage_game,                           /* AAUDIO_USAGE_GAME */
    ma_aaudio_usage_assitant,                       /* AAUDIO_USAGE_ASSISTANT */
    ma_aaudio_usage_emergency,                      /* AAUDIO_SYSTEM_USAGE_EMERGENCY */
    ma_aaudio_usage_safety,                         /* AAUDIO_SYSTEM_USAGE_SAFETY */
    ma_aaudio_usage_vehicle_status,                 /* AAUDIO_SYSTEM_USAGE_VEHICLE_STATUS */
    ma_aaudio_usage_announcement                    /* AAUDIO_SYSTEM_USAGE_ANNOUNCEMENT */
} ma_aaudio_usage;

/* AAudio content types. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_aaudio_content_type_default = 0,             /* Leaves the content type unset. */
    ma_aaudio_content_type_speech,                  /* AAUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_SPEECH */
    ma_aaudio_content_type_music,                   /* AAUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_MUSIC */
    ma_aaudio_content_type_movie,                   /* AAUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_MOVIE */
    ma_aaudio_content_type_sonification             /* AAUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_SONIFICATION */
} ma_aaudio_content_type;

/* AAudio input presets. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_aaudio_input_preset_default = 0,             /* Leaves the input preset unset. */
    ma_aaudio_input_preset_generic,                 /* AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_GENERIC */
    ma_aaudio_input_preset_camcorder,               /* AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_CAMCORDER */
    ma_aaudio_input_preset_voice_recognition,       /* AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_VOICE_RECOGNITION */
    ma_aaudio_input_preset_voice_communication,     /* AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_VOICE_COMMUNICATION */
    ma_aaudio_input_preset_unprocessed,             /* AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_UNPROCESSED */
    ma_aaudio_input_preset_voice_performance        /* AAUDIO_INPUT_PRESET_VOICE_PERFORMANCE */
} ma_aaudio_input_preset;

typedef enum
{
    ma_aaudio_allow_capture_default = 0,            /* Leaves the allowed capture policy unset. */
    ma_aaudio_allow_capture_by_all,                 /* AAUDIO_ALLOW_CAPTURE_BY_ALL */
    ma_aaudio_allow_capture_by_system,              /* AAUDIO_ALLOW_CAPTURE_BY_SYSTEM */
    ma_aaudio_allow_capture_by_none                 /* AAUDIO_ALLOW_CAPTURE_BY_NONE */
} ma_aaudio_allowed_capture_policy;

typedef union
{
    ma_int64 counter;
    double counterD;
} ma_timer;

typedef union
{
    ma_wchar_win32 wasapi[64];      /* WASAPI uses a wchar_t string for identification. */
    ma_uint8 dsound[16];            /* DirectSound uses a GUID for identification. */
    /*UINT_PTR*/ ma_uint32 winmm;   /* When creating a device, WinMM expects a Win32 UINT_PTR for device identification. In practice it's actually just a UINT. */
    char alsa[256];                 /* ALSA uses a name string for identification. */
    char pulse[256];                /* PulseAudio uses a name string for identification. */
    int jack;                       /* JACK always uses default devices. */
    char coreaudio[256];            /* Core Audio uses a string for identification. */
    char sndio[256];                /* "snd/0", etc. */
    char audio4[256];               /* "/dev/audio", etc. */
    char oss[64];                   /* "dev/dsp0", etc. "dev/dsp" for the default device. */
    ma_int32 aaudio;                /* AAudio uses a 32-bit integer for identification. */
    ma_uint32 opensl;               /* OpenSL|ES uses a 32-bit unsigned integer for identification. */
    char webaudio[32];              /* Web Audio always uses default devices for now, but if this changes it'll be a GUID. */
    union
    {
        int i;
        char s[256];
        void* p;
    } custom;                       /* The custom backend could be anything. Give them a few options. */
    int nullbackend;                /* The null backend uses an integer for device IDs. */
} ma_device_id;

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_device_id_equal(const ma_device_id* pA, const ma_device_id* pB);


typedef struct ma_context_config    ma_context_config;
typedef struct ma_device_config     ma_device_config;
typedef struct ma_backend_callbacks ma_backend_callbacks;

#define MA_DATA_FORMAT_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE_MODE (1U << 1)    /* If set, this is supported in exclusive mode. Otherwise not natively supported by exclusive mode. */

#ifndef MA_MAX_DEVICE_NAME_LENGTH
#define MA_MAX_DEVICE_NAME_LENGTH   255
#endif

typedef struct
{
    /* Basic info. This is the only information guaranteed to be filled in during device enumeration. */
    ma_device_id id;
    char name[MA_MAX_DEVICE_NAME_LENGTH + 1];   /* +1 for null terminator. */
    ma_bool32 isDefault;

    ma_uint32 nativeDataFormatCount;
    struct
    {
        ma_format format;       /* Sample format. If set to ma_format_unknown, all sample formats are supported. */
        ma_uint32 channels;     /* If set to 0, all channels are supported. */
        ma_uint32 sampleRate;   /* If set to 0, all sample rates are supported. */
        ma_uint32 flags;        /* A combination of MA_DATA_FORMAT_FLAG_* flags. */
    } nativeDataFormats[/*ma_format_count * ma_standard_sample_rate_count * MA_MAX_CHANNELS*/ 64];  /* Not sure how big to make this. There can be *many* permutations for virtual devices which can support anything. */
} ma_device_info;

struct ma_device_config
{
    ma_device_type deviceType;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    ma_uint32 periods;
    ma_performance_profile performanceProfile;
    ma_bool8 noPreSilencedOutputBuffer; /* When set to true, the contents of the output buffer passed into the data callback will be left undefined rather than initialized to silence. */
    ma_bool8 noClip;                    /* When set to true, the contents of the output buffer passed into the data callback will not be clipped after returning. Only applies when the playback sample format is f32. */
    ma_bool8 noDisableDenormals;        /* Do not disable denormals when firing the data callback. */
    ma_bool8 noFixedSizedCallback;      /* Disables strict fixed-sized data callbacks. Setting this to true will result in the period size being treated only as a hint to the backend. This is an optimization for those who don't need fixed sized callbacks. */
    ma_device_data_proc dataCallback;
    ma_device_notification_proc notificationCallback;
    ma_stop_proc stopCallback;
    void* pUserData;
    ma_resampler_config resampling;
    struct
    {
        const ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
        ma_format format;
        ma_uint32 channels;
        ma_channel* pChannelMap;
        ma_channel_mix_mode channelMixMode;
        ma_bool32 calculateLFEFromSpatialChannels;  /* When an output LFE channel is present, but no input LFE, set to true to set the output LFE to the average of all spatial channels (LR, FR, etc.). Ignored when an input LFE is present. */
        ma_share_mode shareMode;
    } playback;
    struct
    {
        const ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
        ma_format format;
        ma_uint32 channels;
        ma_channel* pChannelMap;
        ma_channel_mix_mode channelMixMode;
        ma_bool32 calculateLFEFromSpatialChannels;  /* When an output LFE channel is present, but no input LFE, set to true to set the output LFE to the average of all spatial channels (LR, FR, etc.). Ignored when an input LFE is present. */
        ma_share_mode shareMode;
    } capture;

    struct
    {
        ma_wasapi_usage usage;              /* When configured, uses Avrt APIs to set the thread characteristics. */
        ma_bool8 noAutoConvertSRC;          /* When set to true, disables the use of AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM. */
        ma_bool8 noDefaultQualitySRC;       /* When set to true, disables the use of AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY. */
        ma_bool8 noAutoStreamRouting;       /* Disables automatic stream routing. */
        ma_bool8 noHardwareOffloading;      /* Disables WASAPI's hardware offloading feature. */
        ma_uint32 loopbackProcessID;        /* The process ID to include or exclude for loopback mode. Set to 0 to capture audio from all processes. Ignored when an explicit device ID is specified. */
        ma_bool8 loopbackProcessExclude;    /* When set to true, excludes the process specified by loopbackProcessID. By default, the process will be included. */
    } wasapi;
    struct
    {
        ma_bool32 noMMap;           /* Disables MMap mode. */
        ma_bool32 noAutoFormat;     /* Opens the ALSA device with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT. */
        ma_bool32 noAutoChannels;   /* Opens the ALSA device with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_CHANNELS. */
        ma_bool32 noAutoResample;   /* Opens the ALSA device with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_RESAMPLE. */
    } alsa;
    struct
    {
        const char* pStreamNamePlayback;
        const char* pStreamNameCapture;
        int channelMap;
    } pulse;
    struct
    {
        ma_bool32 allowNominalSampleRateChange; /* Desktop only. When enabled, allows changing of the sample rate at the operating system level. */
    } coreaudio;
    struct
    {
        ma_opensl_stream_type streamType;
        ma_opensl_recording_preset recordingPreset;
        ma_bool32 enableCompatibilityWorkarounds;
    } opensl;
    struct
    {
        ma_aaudio_usage usage;
        ma_aaudio_content_type contentType;
        ma_aaudio_input_preset inputPreset;
        ma_aaudio_allowed_capture_policy allowedCapturePolicy;
        ma_bool32 noAutoStartAfterReroute;
        ma_bool32 enableCompatibilityWorkarounds;
        ma_bool32 allowSetBufferCapacity;
    } aaudio;
};


/*
The callback for handling device enumeration. This is fired from `ma_context_enumerate_devices()`.


Parameters
----------
pContext (in)
    A pointer to the context performing the enumeration.

deviceType (in)
    The type of the device being enumerated. This will always be either `ma_device_type_playback` or `ma_device_type_capture`.

pInfo (in)
    A pointer to a `ma_device_info` containing the ID and name of the enumerated device. Note that this will not include detailed information about the device,
    only basic information (ID and name). The reason for this is that it would otherwise require opening the backend device to probe for the information which
    is too inefficient.

pUserData (in)
    The user data pointer passed into `ma_context_enumerate_devices()`.
*/
typedef ma_bool32 (* ma_enum_devices_callback_proc)(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_info* pInfo, void* pUserData);


/*
Describes some basic details about a playback or capture device.
*/
typedef struct
{
    const ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
    ma_share_mode shareMode;
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    ma_uint32 periodCount;
} ma_device_descriptor;

/*
These are the callbacks required to be implemented for a backend. These callbacks are grouped into two parts: context and device. There is one context
to many devices. A device is created from a context.

The general flow goes like this:

  1) A context is created with `onContextInit()`
     1a) Available devices can be enumerated with `onContextEnumerateDevices()` if required.
     1b) Detailed information about a device can be queried with `onContextGetDeviceInfo()` if required.
  2) A device is created from the context that was created in the first step using `onDeviceInit()`, and optionally a device ID that was
     selected from device enumeration via `onContextEnumerateDevices()`.
  3) A device is started or stopped with `onDeviceStart()` / `onDeviceStop()`
  4) Data is delivered to and from the device by the backend. This is always done based on the native format returned by the prior call
     to `onDeviceInit()`. Conversion between the device's native format and the format requested by the application will be handled by
     miniaudio internally.

Initialization of the context is quite simple. You need to do any necessary initialization of internal objects and then output the
callbacks defined in this structure.

Once the context has been initialized you can initialize a device. Before doing so, however, the application may want to know which
physical devices are available. This is where `onContextEnumerateDevices()` comes in. This is fairly simple. For each device, fire the
given callback with, at a minimum, the basic information filled out in `ma_device_info`. When the callback returns `MA_FALSE`, enumeration
needs to stop and the `onContextEnumerateDevices()` function returns with a success code.

Detailed device information can be retrieved from a device ID using `onContextGetDeviceInfo()`. This takes as input the device type and ID,
and on output returns detailed information about the device in `ma_device_info`. The `onContextGetDeviceInfo()` callback must handle the
case when the device ID is NULL, in which case information about the default device needs to be retrieved.

Once the context has been created and the device ID retrieved (if using anything other than the default device), the device can be created.
This is a little bit more complicated than initialization of the context due to its more complicated configuration. When initializing a
device, a duplex device may be requested. This means a separate data format needs to be specified for both playback and capture. On input,
the data format is set to what the application wants. On output it's set to the native format which should match as closely as possible to
the requested format. The conversion between the format requested by the application and the device's native format will be handled
internally by miniaudio.

On input, if the sample format is set to `ma_format_unknown`, the backend is free to use whatever sample format it desires, so long as it's
supported by miniaudio. When the channel count is set to 0, the backend should use the device's native channel count. The same applies for
sample rate. For the channel map, the default should be used when `ma_channel_map_is_blank()` returns true (all channels set to
`MA_CHANNEL_NONE`). On input, the `periodSizeInFrames` or `periodSizeInMilliseconds` option should always be set. The backend should
inspect both of these variables. If `periodSizeInFrames` is set, it should take priority, otherwise it needs to be derived from the period
size in milliseconds (`periodSizeInMilliseconds`) and the sample rate, keeping in mind that the sample rate may be 0, in which case the
sample rate will need to be determined before calculating the period size in frames. On output, all members of the `ma_device_descriptor`
object should be set to a valid value, except for `periodSizeInMilliseconds` which is optional (`periodSizeInFrames` *must* be set).

Starting and stopping of the device is done with `onDeviceStart()` and `onDeviceStop()` and should be self-explanatory. If the backend uses
asynchronous reading and writing, `onDeviceStart()` and `onDeviceStop()` should always be implemented.

The handling of data delivery between the application and the device is the most complicated part of the process. To make this a bit
easier, some helper callbacks are available. If the backend uses a blocking read/write style of API, the `onDeviceRead()` and
`onDeviceWrite()` callbacks can optionally be implemented. These are blocking and work just like reading and writing from a file. If the
backend uses a callback for data delivery, that callback must call `ma_device_handle_backend_data_callback()` from within its callback.
This allows miniaudio to then process any necessary data conversion and then pass it to the miniaudio data callback.

If the backend requires absolute flexibility with its data delivery, it can optionally implement the `onDeviceDataLoop()` callback
which will allow it to implement the logic that will run on the audio thread. This is much more advanced and is completely optional.

The audio thread should run data delivery logic in a loop while `ma_device_get_state() == ma_device_state_started` and no errors have been
encountered. Do not start or stop the device here. That will be handled from outside the `onDeviceDataLoop()` callback.

The invocation of the `onDeviceDataLoop()` callback will be handled by miniaudio. When you start the device, miniaudio will fire this
callback. When the device is stopped, the `ma_device_get_state() == ma_device_state_started` condition will fail and the loop will be terminated
which will then fall through to the part that stops the device. For an example on how to implement the `onDeviceDataLoop()` callback,
look at `ma_device_audio_thread__default_read_write()`. Implement the `onDeviceDataLoopWakeup()` callback if you need a mechanism to
wake up the audio thread.

If the backend supports an optimized retrieval of device information from an initialized `ma_device` object, it should implement the
`onDeviceGetInfo()` callback. This is optional, in which case it will fall back to `onContextGetDeviceInfo()` which is less efficient.
*/
struct ma_backend_callbacks
{
    ma_result (* onContextInit)(ma_context* pContext, const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_backend_callbacks* pCallbacks);
    ma_result (* onContextUninit)(ma_context* pContext);
    ma_result (* onContextEnumerateDevices)(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData);
    ma_result (* onContextGetDeviceInfo)(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo);
    ma_result (* onDeviceInit)(ma_device* pDevice, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device_descriptor* pDescriptorPlayback, ma_device_descriptor* pDescriptorCapture);
    ma_result (* onDeviceUninit)(ma_device* pDevice);
    ma_result (* onDeviceStart)(ma_device* pDevice);
    ma_result (* onDeviceStop)(ma_device* pDevice);
    ma_result (* onDeviceRead)(ma_device* pDevice, void* pFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead);
    ma_result (* onDeviceWrite)(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten);
    ma_result (* onDeviceDataLoop)(ma_device* pDevice);
    ma_result (* onDeviceDataLoopWakeup)(ma_device* pDevice);
    ma_result (* onDeviceGetInfo)(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type type, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo);
};

struct ma_context_config
{
    ma_log* pLog;
    ma_thread_priority threadPriority;
    size_t threadStackSize;
    void* pUserData;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    struct
    {
        ma_handle hWnd; /* HWND. Optional window handle to pass into SetCooperativeLevel(). Will default to the foreground window, and if that fails, the desktop window. */
    } dsound;
    struct
    {
        ma_bool32 useVerboseDeviceEnumeration;
    } alsa;
    struct
    {
        const char* pApplicationName;
        const char* pServerName;
        ma_bool32 tryAutoSpawn; /* Enables autospawning of the PulseAudio daemon if necessary. */
    } pulse;
    struct
    {
        ma_ios_session_category sessionCategory;
        ma_uint32 sessionCategoryOptions;
        ma_bool32 noAudioSessionActivate;   /* iOS only. When set to true, does not perform an explicit [[AVAudioSession sharedInstace] setActive:true] on initialization. */
        ma_bool32 noAudioSessionDeactivate; /* iOS only. When set to true, does not perform an explicit [[AVAudioSession sharedInstace] setActive:false] on uninitialization. */
    } coreaudio;
    struct
    {
        const char* pClientName;
        ma_bool32 tryStartServer;
    } jack;
    ma_backend_callbacks custom;
};

/* WASAPI specific structure for some commands which must run on a common thread due to bugs in WASAPI. */
typedef struct
{
    int code;
    ma_event* pEvent;   /* This will be signalled when the event is complete. */
    union
    {
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } quit;
        struct
        {
            ma_device_type deviceType;
            void* pAudioClient;
            void** ppAudioClientService;
            ma_result* pResult; /* The result from creating the audio client service. */
        } createAudioClient;
        struct
        {
            ma_device* pDevice;
            ma_device_type deviceType;
        } releaseAudioClient;
    } data;
} ma_context_command__wasapi;

struct ma_context
{
    ma_backend_callbacks callbacks;
    ma_backend backend;                 /* DirectSound, ALSA, etc. */
    ma_log* pLog;
    ma_log log; /* Only used if the log is owned by the context. The pLog member will be set to &log in this case. */
    ma_thread_priority threadPriority;
    size_t threadStackSize;
    void* pUserData;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    ma_mutex deviceEnumLock;            /* Used to make ma_context_get_devices() thread safe. */
    ma_mutex deviceInfoLock;            /* Used to make ma_context_get_device_info() thread safe. */
    ma_uint32 deviceInfoCapacity;       /* Total capacity of pDeviceInfos. */
    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceInfoCount;
    ma_uint32 captureDeviceInfoCount;
    ma_device_info* pDeviceInfos;       /* Playback devices first, then capture. */

    union
    {
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_WASAPI
        struct
        {
            ma_thread commandThread;
            ma_mutex commandLock;
            ma_semaphore commandSem;
            ma_uint32 commandIndex;
            ma_uint32 commandCount;
            ma_context_command__wasapi commands[4];
            ma_handle hAvrt;
            ma_proc AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsA;
            ma_proc AvRevertMmThreadcharacteristics;
            ma_handle hMMDevapi;
            ma_proc ActivateAudioInterfaceAsync;
        } wasapi;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_DSOUND
        struct
        {
            ma_handle hWnd; /* Can be null. */
            ma_handle hDSoundDLL;
            ma_proc DirectSoundCreate;
            ma_proc DirectSoundEnumerateA;
            ma_proc DirectSoundCaptureCreate;
            ma_proc DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateA;
        } dsound;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_WINMM
        struct
        {
            ma_handle hWinMM;
            ma_proc waveOutGetNumDevs;
            ma_proc waveOutGetDevCapsA;
            ma_proc waveOutOpen;
            ma_proc waveOutClose;
            ma_proc waveOutPrepareHeader;
            ma_proc waveOutUnprepareHeader;
            ma_proc waveOutWrite;
            ma_proc waveOutReset;
            ma_proc waveInGetNumDevs;
            ma_proc waveInGetDevCapsA;
            ma_proc waveInOpen;
            ma_proc waveInClose;
            ma_proc waveInPrepareHeader;
            ma_proc waveInUnprepareHeader;
            ma_proc waveInAddBuffer;
            ma_proc waveInStart;
            ma_proc waveInReset;
        } winmm;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_ALSA
        struct
        {
            ma_handle asoundSO;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_open;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_close;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_any;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_minmax;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_minmax;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_test_format;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_test_channels;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params_test_rate;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_hw_params;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_sw_params_current;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_sw_params;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_format_mask_test;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_get_chmap;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_state;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_prepare;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_start;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_drop;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_drain;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_reset;
            ma_proc snd_device_name_hint;
            ma_proc snd_device_name_get_hint;
            ma_proc snd_card_get_index;
            ma_proc snd_device_name_free_hint;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_mmap_begin;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_mmap_commit;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_recover;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_readi;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_writei;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_avail;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_avail_update;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_wait;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_nonblock;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_info;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_info_sizeof;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_info_get_name;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_poll_descriptors;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count;
            ma_proc snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents;
            ma_proc snd_config_update_free_global;

            ma_mutex internalDeviceEnumLock;
            ma_bool32 useVerboseDeviceEnumeration;
        } alsa;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_PULSEAUDIO
        struct
        {
            ma_handle pulseSO;
            ma_proc pa_mainloop_new;
            ma_proc pa_mainloop_free;
            ma_proc pa_mainloop_quit;
            ma_proc pa_mainloop_get_api;
            ma_proc pa_mainloop_iterate;
            ma_proc pa_mainloop_wakeup;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_new;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_free;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_start;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_stop;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_lock;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_wait;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_signal;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_accept;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_get_retval;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_in_thread;
            ma_proc pa_threaded_mainloop_set_name;
            ma_proc pa_context_new;
            ma_proc pa_context_unref;
            ma_proc pa_context_connect;
            ma_proc pa_context_disconnect;
            ma_proc pa_context_set_state_callback;
            ma_proc pa_context_get_state;
            ma_proc pa_context_get_sink_info_list;
            ma_proc pa_context_get_source_info_list;
            ma_proc pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name;
            ma_proc pa_context_get_source_info_by_name;
            ma_proc pa_operation_unref;
            ma_proc pa_operation_get_state;
            ma_proc pa_channel_map_init_extend;
            ma_proc pa_channel_map_valid;
            ma_proc pa_channel_map_compatible;
            ma_proc pa_stream_new;
            ma_proc pa_stream_unref;
            ma_proc pa_stream_connect_playback;
            ma_proc pa_stream_connect_record;
            ma_proc pa_stream_disconnect;
            ma_proc pa_stream_get_state;
            ma_proc pa_stream_get_sample_spec;
            ma_proc pa_stream_get_channel_map;
            ma_proc pa_stream_get_buffer_attr;
            ma_proc pa_stream_set_buffer_attr;
            ma_proc pa_stream_get_device_name;
            ma_proc pa_stream_set_write_callback;
            ma_proc pa_stream_set_read_callback;
            ma_proc pa_stream_set_suspended_callback;
            ma_proc pa_stream_set_moved_callback;
            ma_proc pa_stream_is_suspended;
            ma_proc pa_stream_flush;
            ma_proc pa_stream_drain;
            ma_proc pa_stream_is_corked;
            ma_proc pa_stream_cork;
            ma_proc pa_stream_trigger;
            ma_proc pa_stream_begin_write;
            ma_proc pa_stream_write;
            ma_proc pa_stream_peek;
            ma_proc pa_stream_drop;
            ma_proc pa_stream_writable_size;
            ma_proc pa_stream_readable_size;

            /*pa_mainloop**/ ma_ptr pMainLoop;
            /*pa_context**/ ma_ptr pPulseContext;
            char* pApplicationName; /* Set when the context is initialized. Used by devices for their local pa_context objects. */
            char* pServerName;      /* Set when the context is initialized. Used by devices for their local pa_context objects. */
        } pulse;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_JACK
        struct
        {
            ma_handle jackSO;
            ma_proc jack_client_open;
            ma_proc jack_client_close;
            ma_proc jack_client_name_size;
            ma_proc jack_set_process_callback;
            ma_proc jack_set_buffer_size_callback;
            ma_proc jack_on_shutdown;
            ma_proc jack_get_sample_rate;
            ma_proc jack_get_buffer_size;
            ma_proc jack_get_ports;
            ma_proc jack_activate;
            ma_proc jack_deactivate;
            ma_proc jack_connect;
            ma_proc jack_port_register;
            ma_proc jack_port_name;
            ma_proc jack_port_get_buffer;
            ma_proc jack_free;

            char* pClientName;
            ma_bool32 tryStartServer;
        } jack;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_COREAUDIO
        struct
        {
            ma_handle hCoreFoundation;
            ma_proc CFStringGetCString;
            ma_proc CFRelease;

            ma_handle hCoreAudio;
            ma_proc AudioObjectGetPropertyData;
            ma_proc AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize;
            ma_proc AudioObjectSetPropertyData;
            ma_proc AudioObjectAddPropertyListener;
            ma_proc AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener;

            ma_handle hAudioUnit;  /* Could possibly be set to AudioToolbox on later versions of macOS. */
            ma_proc AudioComponentFindNext;
            ma_proc AudioComponentInstanceDispose;
            ma_proc AudioComponentInstanceNew;
            ma_proc AudioOutputUnitStart;
            ma_proc AudioOutputUnitStop;
            ma_proc AudioUnitAddPropertyListener;
            ma_proc AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo;
            ma_proc AudioUnitGetProperty;
            ma_proc AudioUnitSetProperty;
            ma_proc AudioUnitInitialize;
            ma_proc AudioUnitRender;

            /*AudioComponent*/ ma_ptr component;
            ma_bool32 noAudioSessionDeactivate; /* For tracking whether or not the iOS audio session should be explicitly deactivated. Set from the config in ma_context_init__coreaudio(). */
        } coreaudio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_SNDIO
        struct
        {
            ma_handle sndioSO;
            ma_proc sio_open;
            ma_proc sio_close;
            ma_proc sio_setpar;
            ma_proc sio_getpar;
            ma_proc sio_getcap;
            ma_proc sio_start;
            ma_proc sio_stop;
            ma_proc sio_read;
            ma_proc sio_write;
            ma_proc sio_onmove;
            ma_proc sio_nfds;
            ma_proc sio_pollfd;
            ma_proc sio_revents;
            ma_proc sio_eof;
            ma_proc sio_setvol;
            ma_proc sio_onvol;
            ma_proc sio_initpar;
        } sndio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_AUDIO4
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } audio4;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_OSS
        struct
        {
            int versionMajor;
            int versionMinor;
        } oss;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_AAUDIO
        struct
        {
            ma_handle hAAudio; /* libaaudio.so */
            ma_proc AAudio_createStreamBuilder;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_delete;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setDeviceId;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setDirection;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setSampleRate;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setBufferCapacityInFrames;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setFramesPerDataCallback;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setErrorCallback;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setUsage;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setContentType;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setInputPreset;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_setAllowedCapturePolicy;
            ma_proc AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_close;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_getState;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_waitForStateChange;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_getFormat;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_getChannelCount;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_getSampleRate;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_getFramesPerBurst;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_requestStart;
            ma_proc AAudioStream_requestStop;
            ma_device_job_thread jobThread; /* For processing operations outside of the error callback, specifically device disconnections and rerouting. */
        } aaudio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_OPENSL
        struct
        {
            ma_handle libOpenSLES;
            ma_handle SL_IID_ENGINE;
            ma_handle SL_IID_AUDIOIODEVICECAPABILITIES;
            ma_handle SL_IID_ANDROIDSIMPLEBUFFERQUEUE;
            ma_handle SL_IID_RECORD;
            ma_handle SL_IID_PLAY;
            ma_handle SL_IID_OUTPUTMIX;
            ma_handle SL_IID_ANDROIDCONFIGURATION;
            ma_proc   slCreateEngine;
        } opensl;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_WEBAUDIO
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } webaudio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_NULL
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } null_backend;
#endif
    };

    union
    {
#if defined(MA_WIN32)
        struct
        {
            /*HMODULE*/ ma_handle hOle32DLL;
            ma_proc CoInitialize;
            ma_proc CoInitializeEx;
            ma_proc CoUninitialize;
            ma_proc CoCreateInstance;
            ma_proc CoTaskMemFree;
            ma_proc PropVariantClear;
            ma_proc StringFromGUID2;

            /*HMODULE*/ ma_handle hUser32DLL;
            ma_proc GetForegroundWindow;
            ma_proc GetDesktopWindow;

            /*HMODULE*/ ma_handle hAdvapi32DLL;
            ma_proc RegOpenKeyExA;
            ma_proc RegCloseKey;
            ma_proc RegQueryValueExA;

            /*HRESULT*/ long CoInitializeResult;
        } win32;
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
        struct
        {
            int _unused;
        } posix;
#endif
        int _unused;
    };
};

struct ma_device
{
    ma_context* pContext;
    ma_device_type type;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_atomic_device_state state;               /* The state of the device is variable and can change at any time on any thread. Must be used atomically. */
    ma_device_data_proc onData;                 /* Set once at initialization time and should not be changed after. */
    ma_device_notification_proc onNotification; /* Set once at initialization time and should not be changed after. */
    ma_stop_proc onStop;                        /* DEPRECATED. Use the notification callback instead. Set once at initialization time and should not be changed after. */
    void* pUserData;                            /* Application defined data. */
    ma_mutex startStopLock;
    ma_event wakeupEvent;
    ma_event startEvent;
    ma_event stopEvent;
    ma_thread thread;
    ma_result workResult;                       /* This is set by the worker thread after it's finished doing a job. */
    ma_bool8 isOwnerOfContext;                  /* When set to true, uninitializing the device will also uninitialize the context. Set to true when NULL is passed into ma_device_init(). */
    ma_bool8 noPreSilencedOutputBuffer;
    ma_bool8 noClip;
    ma_bool8 noDisableDenormals;
    ma_bool8 noFixedSizedCallback;
    ma_atomic_float masterVolumeFactor;         /* Linear 0..1. Can be read and written simultaneously by different threads. Must be used atomically. */
    ma_duplex_rb duplexRB;                      /* Intermediary buffer for duplex device on asynchronous backends. */
    struct
    {
        ma_resample_algorithm algorithm;
        ma_resampling_backend_vtable* pBackendVTable;
        void* pBackendUserData;
        struct
        {
            ma_uint32 lpfOrder;
        } linear;
    } resampling;
    struct
    {
        ma_device_id* pID;                  /* Set to NULL if using default ID, otherwise set to the address of "id". */
        ma_device_id id;                    /* If using an explicit device, will be set to a copy of the ID used for initialization. Otherwise cleared to 0. */
        char name[MA_MAX_DEVICE_NAME_LENGTH + 1];                     /* Maybe temporary. Likely to be replaced with a query API. */
        ma_share_mode shareMode;            /* Set to whatever was passed in when the device was initialized. */
        ma_format format;
        ma_uint32 channels;
        ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
        ma_format internalFormat;
        ma_uint32 internalChannels;
        ma_uint32 internalSampleRate;
        ma_channel internalChannelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
        ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        ma_uint32 internalPeriods;
        ma_channel_mix_mode channelMixMode;
        ma_bool32 calculateLFEFromSpatialChannels;
        ma_data_converter converter;
        void* pIntermediaryBuffer;          /* For implementing fixed sized buffer callbacks. Will be null if using variable sized callbacks. */
        ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferCap;
        ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferLen;    /* How many valid frames are sitting in the intermediary buffer. */
        void* pInputCache;                  /* In external format. Can be null. */
        ma_uint64 inputCacheCap;
        ma_uint64 inputCacheConsumed;
        ma_uint64 inputCacheRemaining;
    } playback;
    struct
    {
        ma_device_id* pID;                  /* Set to NULL if using default ID, otherwise set to the address of "id". */
        ma_device_id id;                    /* If using an explicit device, will be set to a copy of the ID used for initialization. Otherwise cleared to 0. */
        char name[MA_MAX_DEVICE_NAME_LENGTH + 1];                     /* Maybe temporary. Likely to be replaced with a query API. */
        ma_share_mode shareMode;            /* Set to whatever was passed in when the device was initialized. */
        ma_format format;
        ma_uint32 channels;
        ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
        ma_format internalFormat;
        ma_uint32 internalChannels;
        ma_uint32 internalSampleRate;
        ma_channel internalChannelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
        ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        ma_uint32 internalPeriods;
        ma_channel_mix_mode channelMixMode;
        ma_bool32 calculateLFEFromSpatialChannels;
        ma_data_converter converter;
        void* pIntermediaryBuffer;          /* For implementing fixed sized buffer callbacks. Will be null if using variable sized callbacks. */
        ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferCap;
        ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferLen;    /* How many valid frames are sitting in the intermediary buffer. */
    } capture;

    union
    {
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_WASAPI
        struct
        {
            /*IAudioClient**/ ma_ptr pAudioClientPlayback;
            /*IAudioClient**/ ma_ptr pAudioClientCapture;
            /*IAudioRenderClient**/ ma_ptr pRenderClient;
            /*IAudioCaptureClient**/ ma_ptr pCaptureClient;
            /*IMMDeviceEnumerator**/ ma_ptr pDeviceEnumerator;      /* Used for IMMNotificationClient notifications. Required for detecting default device changes. */
            ma_IMMNotificationClient notificationClient;
            /*HANDLE*/ ma_handle hEventPlayback;                    /* Auto reset. Initialized to signaled. */
            /*HANDLE*/ ma_handle hEventCapture;                     /* Auto reset. Initialized to unsignaled. */
            ma_uint32 actualBufferSizeInFramesPlayback;             /* Value from GetBufferSize(). internalPeriodSizeInFrames is not set to the _actual_ buffer size when low-latency shared mode is being used due to the way the IAudioClient3 API works. */
            ma_uint32 actualBufferSizeInFramesCapture;
            ma_uint32 originalPeriodSizeInFrames;
            ma_uint32 originalPeriodSizeInMilliseconds;
            ma_uint32 originalPeriods;
            ma_performance_profile originalPerformanceProfile;
            ma_uint32 periodSizeInFramesPlayback;
            ma_uint32 periodSizeInFramesCapture;
            void* pMappedBufferCapture;
            ma_uint32 mappedBufferCaptureCap;
            ma_uint32 mappedBufferCaptureLen;
            void* pMappedBufferPlayback;
            ma_uint32 mappedBufferPlaybackCap;
            ma_uint32 mappedBufferPlaybackLen;
            ma_atomic_bool32 isStartedCapture;                      /* Can be read and written simultaneously across different threads. Must be used atomically, and must be 32-bit. */
            ma_atomic_bool32 isStartedPlayback;                     /* Can be read and written simultaneously across different threads. Must be used atomically, and must be 32-bit. */
            ma_uint32 loopbackProcessID;
            ma_bool8 loopbackProcessExclude;
            ma_bool8 noAutoConvertSRC;                              /* When set to true, disables the use of AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM. */
            ma_bool8 noDefaultQualitySRC;                           /* When set to true, disables the use of AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY. */
            ma_bool8 noHardwareOffloading;
            ma_bool8 allowCaptureAutoStreamRouting;
            ma_bool8 allowPlaybackAutoStreamRouting;
            ma_bool8 isDetachedPlayback;
            ma_bool8 isDetachedCapture;
            ma_wasapi_usage usage;
            void* hAvrtHandle;
            ma_mutex rerouteLock;
        } wasapi;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_DSOUND
        struct
        {
            /*LPDIRECTSOUND*/ ma_ptr pPlayback;
            /*LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER*/ ma_ptr pPlaybackPrimaryBuffer;
            /*LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER*/ ma_ptr pPlaybackBuffer;
            /*LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTURE*/ ma_ptr pCapture;
            /*LPDIRECTSOUNDCAPTUREBUFFER*/ ma_ptr pCaptureBuffer;
        } dsound;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_WINMM
        struct
        {
            /*HWAVEOUT*/ ma_handle hDevicePlayback;
            /*HWAVEIN*/ ma_handle hDeviceCapture;
            /*HANDLE*/ ma_handle hEventPlayback;
            /*HANDLE*/ ma_handle hEventCapture;
            ma_uint32 fragmentSizeInFrames;
            ma_uint32 iNextHeaderPlayback;             /* [0,periods). Used as an index into pWAVEHDRPlayback. */
            ma_uint32 iNextHeaderCapture;              /* [0,periods). Used as an index into pWAVEHDRCapture. */
            ma_uint32 headerFramesConsumedPlayback;    /* The number of PCM frames consumed in the buffer in pWAVEHEADER[iNextHeader]. */
            ma_uint32 headerFramesConsumedCapture;     /* ^^^ */
            /*WAVEHDR**/ ma_uint8* pWAVEHDRPlayback;   /* One instantiation for each period. */
            /*WAVEHDR**/ ma_uint8* pWAVEHDRCapture;    /* One instantiation for each period. */
            ma_uint8* pIntermediaryBufferPlayback;
            ma_uint8* pIntermediaryBufferCapture;
            ma_uint8* _pHeapData;                      /* Used internally and is used for the heap allocated data for the intermediary buffer and the WAVEHDR structures. */
        } winmm;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_ALSA
        struct
        {
            /*snd_pcm_t**/ ma_ptr pPCMPlayback;
            /*snd_pcm_t**/ ma_ptr pPCMCapture;
            /*struct pollfd**/ void* pPollDescriptorsPlayback;
            /*struct pollfd**/ void* pPollDescriptorsCapture;
            int pollDescriptorCountPlayback;
            int pollDescriptorCountCapture;
            int wakeupfdPlayback;   /* eventfd for waking up from poll() when the playback device is stopped. */
            int wakeupfdCapture;    /* eventfd for waking up from poll() when the capture device is stopped. */
            ma_bool8 isUsingMMapPlayback;
            ma_bool8 isUsingMMapCapture;
        } alsa;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_PULSEAUDIO
        struct
        {
            /*pa_mainloop**/ ma_ptr pMainLoop;
            /*pa_context**/ ma_ptr pPulseContext;
            /*pa_stream**/ ma_ptr pStreamPlayback;
            /*pa_stream**/ ma_ptr pStreamCapture;
        } pulse;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_JACK
        struct
        {
            /*jack_client_t**/ ma_ptr pClient;
            /*jack_port_t**/ ma_ptr* ppPortsPlayback;
            /*jack_port_t**/ ma_ptr* ppPortsCapture;
            float* pIntermediaryBufferPlayback; /* Typed as a float because JACK is always floating point. */
            float* pIntermediaryBufferCapture;
        } jack;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_COREAUDIO
        struct
        {
            ma_uint32 deviceObjectIDPlayback;
            ma_uint32 deviceObjectIDCapture;
            /*AudioUnit*/ ma_ptr audioUnitPlayback;
            /*AudioUnit*/ ma_ptr audioUnitCapture;
            /*AudioBufferList**/ ma_ptr pAudioBufferList;   /* Only used for input devices. */
            ma_uint32 audioBufferCapInFrames;               /* Only used for input devices. The capacity in frames of each buffer in pAudioBufferList. */
            ma_event stopEvent;
            ma_uint32 originalPeriodSizeInFrames;
            ma_uint32 originalPeriodSizeInMilliseconds;
            ma_uint32 originalPeriods;
            ma_performance_profile originalPerformanceProfile;
            ma_bool32 isDefaultPlaybackDevice;
            ma_bool32 isDefaultCaptureDevice;
            ma_bool32 isSwitchingPlaybackDevice;   /* <-- Set to true when the default device has changed and miniaudio is in the process of switching. */
            ma_bool32 isSwitchingCaptureDevice;    /* <-- Set to true when the default device has changed and miniaudio is in the process of switching. */
            void* pNotificationHandler;             /* Only used on mobile platforms. Obj-C object for handling route changes. */
        } coreaudio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_SNDIO
        struct
        {
            ma_ptr handlePlayback;
            ma_ptr handleCapture;
            ma_bool32 isStartedPlayback;
            ma_bool32 isStartedCapture;
        } sndio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_AUDIO4
        struct
        {
            int fdPlayback;
            int fdCapture;
        } audio4;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_OSS
        struct
        {
            int fdPlayback;
            int fdCapture;
        } oss;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_AAUDIO
        struct
        {
            /*AAudioStream**/ ma_ptr pStreamPlayback;
            /*AAudioStream**/ ma_ptr pStreamCapture;
            ma_mutex rerouteLock;
            ma_atomic_bool32 isTearingDown;
            ma_aaudio_usage usage;
            ma_aaudio_content_type contentType;
            ma_aaudio_input_preset inputPreset;
            ma_aaudio_allowed_capture_policy allowedCapturePolicy;
            ma_bool32 noAutoStartAfterReroute;
        } aaudio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_OPENSL
        struct
        {
            /*SLObjectItf*/ ma_ptr pOutputMixObj;
            /*SLOutputMixItf*/ ma_ptr pOutputMix;
            /*SLObjectItf*/ ma_ptr pAudioPlayerObj;
            /*SLPlayItf*/ ma_ptr pAudioPlayer;
            /*SLObjectItf*/ ma_ptr pAudioRecorderObj;
            /*SLRecordItf*/ ma_ptr pAudioRecorder;
            /*SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf*/ ma_ptr pBufferQueuePlayback;
            /*SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf*/ ma_ptr pBufferQueueCapture;
            ma_bool32 isDrainingCapture;
            ma_bool32 isDrainingPlayback;
            ma_uint32 currentBufferIndexPlayback;
            ma_uint32 currentBufferIndexCapture;
            ma_uint8* pBufferPlayback;      /* This is malloc()'d and is used for storing audio data. Typed as ma_uint8 for easy offsetting. */
            ma_uint8* pBufferCapture;
        } opensl;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_WEBAUDIO
        struct
        {
            /* AudioWorklets path. */
            /* EMSCRIPTEN_WEBAUDIO_T */ int audioContext;
            /* EMSCRIPTEN_WEBAUDIO_T */ int audioWorklet;
            float* pIntermediaryBuffer;
            void* pStackBuffer;
            ma_result initResult;   /* Set to MA_BUSY while initialization is in progress. */
            int deviceIndex;        /* We store the device in a list on the JavaScript side. This is used to map our C object to the JS object. */
        } webaudio;
#endif
#ifdef MA_SUPPORT_NULL
        struct
        {
            ma_thread deviceThread;
            ma_event operationEvent;
            ma_event operationCompletionEvent;
            ma_semaphore operationSemaphore;
            ma_uint32 operation;
            ma_result operationResult;
            ma_timer timer;
            double priorRunTime;
            ma_uint32 currentPeriodFramesRemainingPlayback;
            ma_uint32 currentPeriodFramesRemainingCapture;
            ma_uint64 lastProcessedFramePlayback;
            ma_uint64 lastProcessedFrameCapture;
            ma_atomic_bool32 isStarted; /* Read and written by multiple threads. Must be used atomically, and must be 32-bit for compiler compatibility. */
        } null_device;
#endif
    };
};
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
    #pragma warning(pop)
#elif defined(__clang__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8)))
    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop  /* For ISO C99 doesn't support unnamed structs/unions [-Wpedantic] */
#endif

/*
Initializes a `ma_context_config` object.


Return Value
------------
A `ma_context_config` initialized to defaults.


Remarks
-------
You must always use this to initialize the default state of the `ma_context_config` object. Not using this will result in your program breaking when miniaudio
is updated and new members are added to `ma_context_config`. It also sets logical defaults.

You can override members of the returned object by changing it's members directly.


See Also
--------
ma_context_init()
*/
MA_API ma_context_config ma_context_config_init(void);

/*
Initializes a context.

The context is used for selecting and initializing an appropriate backend and to represent the backend at a more global level than that of an individual
device. There is one context to many devices, and a device is created from a context. A context is required to enumerate devices.


Parameters
----------
backends (in, optional)
    A list of backends to try initializing, in priority order. Can be NULL, in which case it uses default priority order.

backendCount (in, optional)
    The number of items in `backend`. Ignored if `backend` is NULL.

pConfig (in, optional)
    The context configuration.

pContext (in)
    A pointer to the context object being initialized.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. Do not call this function across multiple threads as some backends read and write to global state.


Remarks
-------
When `backends` is NULL, the default priority order will be used. Below is a list of backends in priority order:

    |-------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
    | Name        | Enum Name             | Supported Operating Systems                            |
    |-------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
    | WASAPI      | ma_backend_wasapi     | Windows Vista+                                         |
    | DirectSound | ma_backend_dsound     | Windows XP+                                            |
    | WinMM       | ma_backend_winmm      | Windows XP+ (may work on older versions, but untested) |
    | Core Audio  | ma_backend_coreaudio  | macOS, iOS                                             |
    | ALSA        | ma_backend_alsa       | Linux                                                  |
    | PulseAudio  | ma_backend_pulseaudio | Cross Platform (disabled on Windows, BSD and Android)  |
    | JACK        | ma_backend_jack       | Cross Platform (disabled on BSD and Android)           |
    | sndio       | ma_backend_sndio      | OpenBSD                                                |
    | audio(4)    | ma_backend_audio4     | NetBSD, OpenBSD                                        |
    | OSS         | ma_backend_oss        | FreeBSD                                                |
    | AAudio      | ma_backend_aaudio     | Android 8+                                             |
    | OpenSL|ES   | ma_backend_opensl     | Android (API level 16+)                                |
    | Web Audio   | ma_backend_webaudio   | Web (via Emscripten)                                   |
    | Null        | ma_backend_null       | Cross Platform (not used on Web)                       |
    |-------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|

The context can be configured via the `pConfig` argument. The config object is initialized with `ma_context_config_init()`. Individual configuration settings
can then be set directly on the structure. Below are the members of the `ma_context_config` object.

    pLog
        A pointer to the `ma_log` to post log messages to. Can be NULL if the application does not
        require logging. See the `ma_log` API for details on how to use the logging system.

    threadPriority
        The desired priority to use for the audio thread. Allowable values include the following:

        |--------------------------------------|
        | Thread Priority                      |
        |--------------------------------------|
        | ma_thread_priority_idle              |
        | ma_thread_priority_lowest            |
        | ma_thread_priority_low               |
        | ma_thread_priority_normal            |
        | ma_thread_priority_high              |
        | ma_thread_priority_highest (default) |
        | ma_thread_priority_realtime          |
        | ma_thread_priority_default           |
        |--------------------------------------|

    threadStackSize
        The desired size of the stack for the audio thread. Defaults to the operating system's default.

    pUserData
        A pointer to application-defined data. This can be accessed from the context object directly such as `context.pUserData`.

    allocationCallbacks
        Structure containing custom allocation callbacks. Leaving this at defaults will cause it to use MA_MALLOC, MA_REALLOC and MA_FREE. These allocation
        callbacks will be used for anything tied to the context, including devices.

    alsa.useVerboseDeviceEnumeration
        ALSA will typically enumerate many different devices which can be intrusive and not user-friendly. To combat this, miniaudio will enumerate only unique
        card/device pairs by default. The problem with this is that you lose a bit of flexibility and control. Setting alsa.useVerboseDeviceEnumeration makes
        it so the ALSA backend includes all devices. Defaults to false.

    pulse.pApplicationName
        PulseAudio only. The application name to use when initializing the PulseAudio context with `pa_context_new()`.

    pulse.pServerName
        PulseAudio only. The name of the server to connect to with `pa_context_connect()`.

    pulse.tryAutoSpawn
        PulseAudio only. Whether or not to try automatically starting the PulseAudio daemon. Defaults to false. If you set this to true, keep in mind that
        miniaudio uses a trial and error method to find the most appropriate backend, and this will result in the PulseAudio daemon starting which may be
        intrusive for the end user.

    coreaudio.sessionCategory
        iOS only. The session category to use for the shared AudioSession instance. Below is a list of allowable values and their Core Audio equivalents.

        |-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
        | miniaudio Token                         | Core Audio Token                    |
        |-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
        | ma_ios_session_category_ambient         | AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient       |
        | ma_ios_session_category_solo_ambient    | AVAudioSessionCategorySoloAmbient   |
        | ma_ios_session_category_playback        | AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback      |
        | ma_ios_session_category_record          | AVAudioSessionCategoryRecord        |
        | ma_ios_session_category_play_and_record | AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord |
        | ma_ios_session_category_multi_route     | AVAudioSessionCategoryMultiRoute    |
        | ma_ios_session_category_none            | AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient       |
        | ma_ios_session_category_default         | AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient       |
        |-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|

    coreaudio.sessionCategoryOptions
        iOS only. Session category options to use with the shared AudioSession instance. Below is a list of allowable values and their Core Audio equivalents.

        |---------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
        | miniaudio Token                                                           | Core Audio Token                                                 |
        |---------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
        | ma_ios_session_category_option_mix_with_others                            | AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionMixWithOthers                        |
        | ma_ios_session_category_option_duck_others                                | AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionDuckOthers                           |
        | ma_ios_session_category_option_allow_bluetooth                            | AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionAllowBluetooth                       |
        | ma_ios_session_category_option_default_to_speaker                         | AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionDefaultToSpeaker                     |
        | ma_ios_session_category_option_interrupt_spoken_audio_and_mix_with_others | AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionInterruptSpokenAudioAndMixWithOthers |
        | ma_ios_session_category_option_allow_bluetooth_a2dp                       | AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionAllowBluetoothA2DP                   |
        | ma_ios_session_category_option_allow_air_play                             | AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionAllowAirPlay                         |
        |---------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|

    coreaudio.noAudioSessionActivate
        iOS only. When set to true, does not perform an explicit [[AVAudioSession sharedInstace] setActive:true] on initialization.

    coreaudio.noAudioSessionDeactivate
        iOS only. When set to true, does not perform an explicit [[AVAudioSession sharedInstace] setActive:false] on uninitialization.

    jack.pClientName
        The name of the client to pass to `jack_client_open()`.

    jack.tryStartServer
        Whether or not to try auto-starting the JACK server. Defaults to false.


It is recommended that only a single context is active at any given time because it's a bulky data structure which performs run-time linking for the
relevant backends every time it's initialized.

The location of the context cannot change throughout it's lifetime. Consider allocating the `ma_context` object with `malloc()` if this is an issue. The
reason for this is that a pointer to the context is stored in the `ma_device` structure.


Example 1 - Default Initialization
----------------------------------
The example below shows how to initialize the context using the default configuration.

```c
ma_context context;
ma_result result = ma_context_init(NULL, 0, NULL, &context);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Error.
}
```


Example 2 - Custom Configuration
--------------------------------
The example below shows how to initialize the context using custom backend priorities and a custom configuration. In this hypothetical example, the program
wants to prioritize ALSA over PulseAudio on Linux. They also want to avoid using the WinMM backend on Windows because it's latency is too high. They also
want an error to be returned if no valid backend is available which they achieve by excluding the Null backend.

For the configuration, the program wants to capture any log messages so they can, for example, route it to a log file and user interface.

```c
ma_backend backends[] = {
    ma_backend_alsa,
    ma_backend_pulseaudio,
    ma_backend_wasapi,
    ma_backend_dsound
};

ma_log log;
ma_log_init(&log);
ma_log_register_callback(&log, ma_log_callback_init(my_log_callbac, pMyLogUserData));

ma_context_config config = ma_context_config_init();
config.pLog = &log; // Specify a custom log object in the config so any logs that are posted from ma_context_init() are captured.

ma_context context;
ma_result result = ma_context_init(backends, sizeof(backends)/sizeof(backends[0]), &config, &context);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Error.
    if (result == MA_NO_BACKEND) {
        // Couldn't find an appropriate backend.
    }
}

// You could also attach a log callback post-initialization:
ma_log_register_callback(ma_context_get_log(&context), ma_log_callback_init(my_log_callback, pMyLogUserData));
```


See Also
--------
ma_context_config_init()
ma_context_uninit()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_context_init(const ma_backend backends[], ma_uint32 backendCount, const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext);

/*
Uninitializes a context.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. Do not call this function across multiple threads as some backends read and write to global state.


Remarks
-------
Results are undefined if you call this while any device created by this context is still active.


See Also
--------
ma_context_init()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_context_uninit(ma_context* pContext);

/*
Retrieves the size of the ma_context object.

This is mainly for the purpose of bindings to know how much memory to allocate.
*/
MA_API size_t ma_context_sizeof(void);

/*
Retrieves a pointer to the log object associated with this context.


Remarks
-------
Pass the returned pointer to `ma_log_post()`, `ma_log_postv()` or `ma_log_postf()` to post a log
message.

You can attach your own logging callback to the log with `ma_log_register_callback()`


Return Value
------------
A pointer to the `ma_log` object that the context uses to post log messages. If some error occurs,
NULL will be returned.
*/
MA_API ma_log* ma_context_get_log(ma_context* pContext);

/*
Enumerates over every device (both playback and capture).

This is a lower-level enumeration function to the easier to use `ma_context_get_devices()`. Use `ma_context_enumerate_devices()` if you would rather not incur
an internal heap allocation, or it simply suits your code better.

Note that this only retrieves the ID and name/description of the device. The reason for only retrieving basic information is that it would otherwise require
opening the backend device in order to probe it for more detailed information which can be inefficient. Consider using `ma_context_get_device_info()` for this,
but don't call it from within the enumeration callback.

Returning false from the callback will stop enumeration. Returning true will continue enumeration.


Parameters
----------
pContext (in)
    A pointer to the context performing the enumeration.

callback (in)
    The callback to fire for each enumerated device.

pUserData (in)
    A pointer to application-defined data passed to the callback.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. This is guarded using a simple mutex lock.


Remarks
-------
Do _not_ assume the first enumerated device of a given type is the default device.

Some backends and platforms may only support default playback and capture devices.

In general, you should not do anything complicated from within the callback. In particular, do not try initializing a device from within the callback. Also,
do not try to call `ma_context_get_device_info()` from within the callback.

Consider using `ma_context_get_devices()` for a simpler and safer API, albeit at the expense of an internal heap allocation.


Example 1 - Simple Enumeration
------------------------------
ma_bool32 ma_device_enum_callback(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_info* pInfo, void* pUserData)
{
    printf("Device Name: %s\n", pInfo->name);
    return MA_TRUE;
}

ma_result result = ma_context_enumerate_devices(&context, my_device_enum_callback, pMyUserData);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Error.
}


See Also
--------
ma_context_get_devices()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData);

/*
Retrieves basic information about every active playback and/or capture device.

This function will allocate memory internally for the device lists and return a pointer to them through the `ppPlaybackDeviceInfos` and `ppCaptureDeviceInfos`
parameters. If you do not want to incur the overhead of these allocations consider using `ma_context_enumerate_devices()` which will instead use a callback.

Note that this only retrieves the ID and name/description of the device. The reason for only retrieving basic information is that it would otherwise require
opening the backend device in order to probe it for more detailed information which can be inefficient. Consider using `ma_context_get_device_info()` for this,
but don't call it from within the enumeration callback.


Parameters
----------
pContext (in)
    A pointer to the context performing the enumeration.

ppPlaybackDeviceInfos (out)
    A pointer to a pointer that will receive the address of a buffer containing the list of `ma_device_info` structures for playback devices.

pPlaybackDeviceCount (out)
    A pointer to an unsigned integer that will receive the number of playback devices.

ppCaptureDeviceInfos (out)
    A pointer to a pointer that will receive the address of a buffer containing the list of `ma_device_info` structures for capture devices.

pCaptureDeviceCount (out)
    A pointer to an unsigned integer that will receive the number of capture devices.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. Since each call to this function invalidates the pointers from the previous call, you should not be calling this simultaneously across multiple
threads. Instead, you need to make a copy of the returned data with your own higher level synchronization.


Remarks
-------
It is _not_ safe to assume the first device in the list is the default device.

You can pass in NULL for the playback or capture lists in which case they'll be ignored.

The returned pointers will become invalid upon the next call this this function, or when the context is uninitialized. Do not free the returned pointers.


See Also
--------
ma_context_enumerate_devices()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_context_get_devices(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_info** ppPlaybackDeviceInfos, ma_uint32* pPlaybackDeviceCount, ma_device_info** ppCaptureDeviceInfos, ma_uint32* pCaptureDeviceCount);

/*
Retrieves information about a device of the given type, with the specified ID and share mode.


Parameters
----------
pContext (in)
    A pointer to the context performing the query.

deviceType (in)
    The type of the device being queried. Must be either `ma_device_type_playback` or `ma_device_type_capture`.

pDeviceID (in)
    The ID of the device being queried.

pDeviceInfo (out)
    A pointer to the `ma_device_info` structure that will receive the device information.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. This is guarded using a simple mutex lock.


Remarks
-------
Do _not_ call this from within the `ma_context_enumerate_devices()` callback.

It's possible for a device to have different information and capabilities depending on whether or not it's opened in shared or exclusive mode. For example, in
shared mode, WASAPI always uses floating point samples for mixing, but in exclusive mode it can be anything. Therefore, this function allows you to specify
which share mode you want information for. Note that not all backends and devices support shared or exclusive mode, in which case this function will fail if
the requested share mode is unsupported.

This leaves pDeviceInfo unmodified in the result of an error.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_context_get_device_info(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo);

/*
Determines if the given context supports loopback mode.


Parameters
----------
pContext (in)
    A pointer to the context getting queried.


Return Value
------------
MA_TRUE if the context supports loopback mode; MA_FALSE otherwise.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_context_is_loopback_supported(ma_context* pContext);



/*
Initializes a device config with default settings.


Parameters
----------
deviceType (in)
    The type of the device this config is being initialized for. This must set to one of the following:

    |-------------------------|
    | Device Type             |
    |-------------------------|
    | ma_device_type_playback |
    | ma_device_type_capture  |
    | ma_device_type_duplex   |
    | ma_device_type_loopback |
    |-------------------------|


Return Value
------------
A new device config object with default settings. You will typically want to adjust the config after this function returns. See remarks.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe, but don't try initializing a device in a callback.


Remarks
-------
The returned config will be initialized to defaults. You will normally want to customize a few variables before initializing the device. See Example 1 for a
typical configuration which sets the sample format, channel count, sample rate, data callback and user data. These are usually things you will want to change
before initializing the device.

See `ma_device_init()` for details on specific configuration options.


Example 1 - Simple Configuration
--------------------------------
The example below is what a program will typically want to configure for each device at a minimum. Notice how `ma_device_config_init()` is called first, and
then the returned object is modified directly. This is important because it ensures that your program continues to work as new configuration options are added
to the `ma_device_config` structure.

```c
ma_device_config config = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
config.playback.format   = ma_format_f32;
config.playback.channels = 2;
config.sampleRate        = 48000;
config.dataCallback      = ma_data_callback;
config.pUserData         = pMyUserData;
```


See Also
--------
ma_device_init()
ma_device_init_ex()
*/
MA_API ma_device_config ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type deviceType);


/*
Initializes a device.

A device represents a physical audio device. The idea is you send or receive audio data from the device to either play it back through a speaker, or capture it
from a microphone. Whether or not you should send or receive data from the device (or both) depends on the type of device you are initializing which can be
playback, capture, full-duplex or loopback. (Note that loopback mode is only supported on select backends.) Sending and receiving audio data to and from the
device is done via a callback which is fired by miniaudio at periodic time intervals.

The frequency at which data is delivered to and from a device depends on the size of its period. The size of the period can be defined in terms of PCM frames
or milliseconds, whichever is more convenient. Generally speaking, the smaller the period, the lower the latency at the expense of higher CPU usage and
increased risk of glitching due to the more frequent and granular data deliver intervals. The size of a period will depend on your requirements, but
miniaudio's defaults should work fine for most scenarios. If you're building a game you should leave this fairly small, whereas if you're building a simple
media player you can make it larger. Note that the period size you request is actually just a hint - miniaudio will tell the backend what you want, but the
backend is ultimately responsible for what it gives you. You cannot assume you will get exactly what you ask for.

When delivering data to and from a device you need to make sure it's in the correct format which you can set through the device configuration. You just set the
format that you want to use and miniaudio will perform all of the necessary conversion for you internally. When delivering data to and from the callback you
can assume the format is the same as what you requested when you initialized the device. See Remarks for more details on miniaudio's data conversion pipeline.


Parameters
----------
pContext (in, optional)
    A pointer to the context that owns the device. This can be null, in which case it creates a default context internally.

pConfig (in)
    A pointer to the device configuration. Cannot be null. See remarks for details.

pDevice (out)
    A pointer to the device object being initialized.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. It is not safe to call this function simultaneously for different devices because some backends depend on and mutate global state. The same applies to
calling this at the same time as `ma_device_uninit()`.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. It is not safe to call this inside any callback.


Remarks
-------
Setting `pContext` to NULL will result in miniaudio creating a default context internally and is equivalent to passing in a context initialized like so:

    ```c
    ma_context_init(NULL, 0, NULL, &context);
    ```

Do not set `pContext` to NULL if you are needing to open multiple devices. You can, however, use NULL when initializing the first device, and then use
device.pContext for the initialization of other devices.

The device can be configured via the `pConfig` argument. The config object is initialized with `ma_device_config_init()`. Individual configuration settings can
then be set directly on the structure. Below are the members of the `ma_device_config` object.

    deviceType
        Must be `ma_device_type_playback`, `ma_device_type_capture`, `ma_device_type_duplex` of `ma_device_type_loopback`.

    sampleRate
        The sample rate, in hertz. The most common sample rates are 48000 and 44100. Setting this to 0 will use the device's native sample rate.

    periodSizeInFrames
        The desired size of a period in PCM frames. If this is 0, `periodSizeInMilliseconds` will be used instead. If both are 0 the default buffer size will
        be used depending on the selected performance profile. This value affects latency. See below for details.

    periodSizeInMilliseconds
        The desired size of a period in milliseconds. If this is 0, `periodSizeInFrames` will be used instead. If both are 0 the default buffer size will be
        used depending on the selected performance profile. The value affects latency. See below for details.

    periods
        The number of periods making up the device's entire buffer. The total buffer size is `periodSizeInFrames` or `periodSizeInMilliseconds` multiplied by
        this value. This is just a hint as backends will be the ones who ultimately decide how your periods will be configured.

    performanceProfile
        A hint to miniaudio as to the performance requirements of your program. Can be either `ma_performance_profile_low_latency` (default) or
        `ma_performance_profile_conservative`. This mainly affects the size of default buffers and can usually be left at its default value.

    noPreSilencedOutputBuffer
        When set to true, the contents of the output buffer passed into the data callback will be left undefined. When set to false (default), the contents of
        the output buffer will be cleared the zero. You can use this to avoid the overhead of zeroing out the buffer if you can guarantee that your data
        callback will write to every sample in the output buffer, or if you are doing your own clearing.

    noClip
        When set to true, the contents of the output buffer are left alone after returning and it will be left up to the backend itself to decide whether or
        not to clip. When set to false (default), the contents of the output buffer passed into the data callback will be clipped after returning. This only
        applies when the playback sample format is f32.

    noDisableDenormals
        By default, miniaudio will disable denormals when the data callback is called. Setting this to true will prevent the disabling of denormals.

    noFixedSizedCallback
        Allows miniaudio to fire the data callback with any frame count. When this is set to false (the default), the data callback will be fired with a
        consistent frame count as specified by `periodSizeInFrames` or `periodSizeInMilliseconds`. When set to true, miniaudio will fire the callback with
        whatever the backend requests, which could be anything.

    dataCallback
        The callback to fire whenever data is ready to be delivered to or from the device.

    notificationCallback
        The callback to fire when something has changed with the device, such as whether or not it has been started or stopped.

    pUserData
        The user data pointer to use with the device. You can access this directly from the device object like `device.pUserData`.

    resampling.algorithm
        The resampling algorithm to use when miniaudio needs to perform resampling between the rate specified by `sampleRate` and the device's native rate. The
        default value is `ma_resample_algorithm_linear`, and the quality can be configured with `resampling.linear.lpfOrder`.

    resampling.pBackendVTable
        A pointer to an optional vtable that can be used for plugging in a custom resampler.

    resampling.pBackendUserData
        A pointer that will passed to callbacks in pBackendVTable.

    resampling.linear.lpfOrder
        The linear resampler applies a low-pass filter as part of its processing for anti-aliasing. This setting controls the order of the filter. The higher
        the value, the better the quality, in general. Setting this to 0 will disable low-pass filtering altogether. The maximum value is
        `MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER`. The default value is `min(4, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER)`.

    playback.pDeviceID
        A pointer to a `ma_device_id` structure containing the ID of the playback device to initialize. Setting this NULL (default) will use the system's
        default playback device. Retrieve the device ID from the `ma_device_info` structure, which can be retrieved using device enumeration.

    playback.format
        The sample format to use for playback. When set to `ma_format_unknown` the device's native format will be used. This can be retrieved after
        initialization from the device object directly with `device.playback.format`.

    playback.channels
        The number of channels to use for playback. When set to 0 the device's native channel count will be used. This can be retrieved after initialization
        from the device object directly with `device.playback.channels`.

    playback.pChannelMap
        The channel map to use for playback. When left empty, the device's native channel map will be used. This can be retrieved after initialization from the
        device object direct with `device.playback.pChannelMap`. When set, the buffer should contain `channels` items.

    playback.shareMode
        The preferred share mode to use for playback. Can be either `ma_share_mode_shared` (default) or `ma_share_mode_exclusive`. Note that if you specify
        exclusive mode, but it's not supported by the backend, initialization will fail. You can then fall back to shared mode if desired by changing this to
        ma_share_mode_shared and reinitializing.

    capture.pDeviceID
        A pointer to a `ma_device_id` structure containing the ID of the capture device to initialize. Setting this NULL (default) will use the system's
        default capture device. Retrieve the device ID from the `ma_device_info` structure, which can be retrieved using device enumeration.

    capture.format
        The sample format to use for capture. When set to `ma_format_unknown` the device's native format will be used. This can be retrieved after
        initialization from the device object directly with `device.capture.format`.

    capture.channels
        The number of channels to use for capture. When set to 0 the device's native channel count will be used. This can be retrieved after initialization
        from the device object directly with `device.capture.channels`.

    capture.pChannelMap
        The channel map to use for capture. When left empty, the device's native channel map will be used. This can be retrieved after initialization from the
        device object direct with `device.capture.pChannelMap`. When set, the buffer should contain `channels` items.

    capture.shareMode
        The preferred share mode to use for capture. Can be either `ma_share_mode_shared` (default) or `ma_share_mode_exclusive`. Note that if you specify
        exclusive mode, but it's not supported by the backend, initialization will fail. You can then fall back to shared mode if desired by changing this to
        ma_share_mode_shared and reinitializing.

    wasapi.noAutoConvertSRC
        WASAPI only. When set to true, disables WASAPI's automatic resampling and forces the use of miniaudio's resampler. Defaults to false.

    wasapi.noDefaultQualitySRC
        WASAPI only. Only used when `wasapi.noAutoConvertSRC` is set to false. When set to true, disables the use of `AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY`.
        You should usually leave this set to false, which is the default.

    wasapi.noAutoStreamRouting
        WASAPI only. When set to true, disables automatic stream routing on the WASAPI backend. Defaults to false.

    wasapi.noHardwareOffloading
        WASAPI only. When set to true, disables the use of WASAPI's hardware offloading feature. Defaults to false.

    alsa.noMMap
        ALSA only. When set to true, disables MMap mode. Defaults to false.

    alsa.noAutoFormat
        ALSA only. When set to true, disables ALSA's automatic format conversion by including the SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT flag. Defaults to false.

    alsa.noAutoChannels
        ALSA only. When set to true, disables ALSA's automatic channel conversion by including the SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_CHANNELS flag. Defaults to false.

    alsa.noAutoResample
        ALSA only. When set to true, disables ALSA's automatic resampling by including the SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_RESAMPLE flag. Defaults to false.

    pulse.pStreamNamePlayback
        PulseAudio only. Sets the stream name for playback.

    pulse.pStreamNameCapture
        PulseAudio only. Sets the stream name for capture.

    pulse.channelMap
        PulseAudio only. Sets the channel map that is requested from PulseAudio. See MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_* constants. Defaults to MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AIFF.

    coreaudio.allowNominalSampleRateChange
        Core Audio only. Desktop only. When enabled, allows the sample rate of the device to be changed at the operating system level. This
        is disabled by default in order to prevent intrusive changes to the user's system. This is useful if you want to use a sample rate
        that is known to be natively supported by the hardware thereby avoiding the cost of resampling. When set to true, miniaudio will
        find the closest match between the sample rate requested in the device config and the sample rates natively supported by the
        hardware. When set to false, the sample rate currently set by the operating system will always be used.

    opensl.streamType
        OpenSL only. Explicitly sets the stream type. If left unset (`ma_opensl_stream_type_default`), the
        stream type will be left unset. Think of this as the type of audio you're playing.

    opensl.recordingPreset
        OpenSL only. Explicitly sets the type of recording your program will be doing. When left
        unset, the recording preset will be left unchanged.

    aaudio.usage
        AAudio only. Explicitly sets the nature of the audio the program will be consuming. When
        left unset, the usage will be left unchanged.

    aaudio.contentType
        AAudio only. Sets the content type. When left unset, the content type will be left unchanged.

    aaudio.inputPreset
        AAudio only. Explicitly sets the type of recording your program will be doing. When left
        unset, the input preset will be left unchanged.

    aaudio.noAutoStartAfterReroute
        AAudio only. Controls whether or not the device should be automatically restarted after a
        stream reroute. When set to false (default) the device will be restarted automatically;
        otherwise the device will be stopped.


Once initialized, the device's config is immutable. If you need to change the config you will need to initialize a new device.

After initializing the device it will be in a stopped state. To start it, use `ma_device_start()`.

If both `periodSizeInFrames` and `periodSizeInMilliseconds` are set to zero, it will default to `MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_LOW_LATENCY` or
`MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_CONSERVATIVE`, depending on whether or not `performanceProfile` is set to `ma_performance_profile_low_latency` or
`ma_performance_profile_conservative`.

If you request exclusive mode and the backend does not support it an error will be returned. For robustness, you may want to first try initializing the device
in exclusive mode, and then fall back to shared mode if required. Alternatively you can just request shared mode (the default if you leave it unset in the
config) which is the most reliable option. Some backends do not have a practical way of choosing whether or not the device should be exclusive or not (ALSA,
for example) in which case it just acts as a hint. Unless you have special requirements you should try avoiding exclusive mode as it's intrusive to the user.
Starting with Windows 10, miniaudio will use low-latency shared mode where possible which may make exclusive mode unnecessary.

When sending or receiving data to/from a device, miniaudio will internally perform a format conversion to convert between the format specified by the config
and the format used internally by the backend. If you pass in 0 for the sample format, channel count, sample rate _and_ channel map, data transmission will run
on an optimized pass-through fast path. You can retrieve the format, channel count and sample rate by inspecting the `playback/capture.format`,
`playback/capture.channels` and `sampleRate` members of the device object.

When compiling for UWP you must ensure you call this function on the main UI thread because the operating system may need to present the user with a message
asking for permissions. Please refer to the official documentation for ActivateAudioInterfaceAsync() for more information.

ALSA Specific: When initializing the default device, requesting shared mode will try using the "dmix" device for playback and the "dsnoop" device for capture.
If these fail it will try falling back to the "hw" device.


Example 1 - Simple Initialization
---------------------------------
This example shows how to initialize a simple playback device using a standard configuration. If you are just needing to do simple playback from the default
playback device this is usually all you need.

```c
ma_device_config config = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
config.playback.format   = ma_format_f32;
config.playback.channels = 2;
config.sampleRate        = 48000;
config.dataCallback      = ma_data_callback;
config.pMyUserData       = pMyUserData;

ma_device device;
ma_result result = ma_device_init(NULL, &config, &device);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Error
}
```


Example 2 - Advanced Initialization
-----------------------------------
This example shows how you might do some more advanced initialization. In this hypothetical example we want to control the latency by setting the buffer size
and period count. We also want to allow the user to be able to choose which device to output from which means we need a context so we can perform device
enumeration.

```c
ma_context context;
ma_result result = ma_context_init(NULL, 0, NULL, &context);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Error
}

ma_device_info* pPlaybackDeviceInfos;
ma_uint32 playbackDeviceCount;
result = ma_context_get_devices(&context, &pPlaybackDeviceInfos, &playbackDeviceCount, NULL, NULL);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Error
}

// ... choose a device from pPlaybackDeviceInfos ...

ma_device_config config = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
config.playback.pDeviceID       = pMyChosenDeviceID;    // <-- Get this from the `id` member of one of the `ma_device_info` objects returned by ma_context_get_devices().
config.playback.format          = ma_format_f32;
config.playback.channels        = 2;
config.sampleRate               = 48000;
config.dataCallback             = ma_data_callback;
config.pUserData                = pMyUserData;
config.periodSizeInMilliseconds = 10;
config.periods                  = 3;

ma_device device;
result = ma_device_init(&context, &config, &device);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Error
}
```


See Also
--------
ma_device_config_init()
ma_device_uninit()
ma_device_start()
ma_context_init()
ma_context_get_devices()
ma_context_enumerate_devices()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_init(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice);

/*
Initializes a device without a context, with extra parameters for controlling the configuration of the internal self-managed context.

This is the same as `ma_device_init()`, only instead of a context being passed in, the parameters from `ma_context_init()` are passed in instead. This function
allows you to configure the internally created context.


Parameters
----------
backends (in, optional)
    A list of backends to try initializing, in priority order. Can be NULL, in which case it uses default priority order.

backendCount (in, optional)
    The number of items in `backend`. Ignored if `backend` is NULL.

pContextConfig (in, optional)
    The context configuration.

pConfig (in)
    A pointer to the device configuration. Cannot be null. See remarks for details.

pDevice (out)
    A pointer to the device object being initialized.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. It is not safe to call this function simultaneously for different devices because some backends depend on and mutate global state. The same applies to
calling this at the same time as `ma_device_uninit()`.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. It is not safe to call this inside any callback.


Remarks
-------
You only need to use this function if you want to configure the context differently to its defaults. You should never use this function if you want to manage
your own context.

See the documentation for `ma_context_init()` for information on the different context configuration options.


See Also
--------
ma_device_init()
ma_device_uninit()
ma_device_config_init()
ma_context_init()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_init_ex(const ma_backend backends[], ma_uint32 backendCount, const ma_context_config* pContextConfig, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice);

/*
Uninitializes a device.

This will explicitly stop the device. You do not need to call `ma_device_stop()` beforehand, but it's harmless if you do.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device to stop.


Return Value
------------
Nothing


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. As soon as this API is called the device should be considered undefined.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. It is not safe to call this inside any callback. Doing this will result in a deadlock.


See Also
--------
ma_device_init()
ma_device_stop()
*/
MA_API void ma_device_uninit(ma_device* pDevice);


/*
Retrieves a pointer to the context that owns the given device.
*/
MA_API ma_context* ma_device_get_context(ma_device* pDevice);

/*
Helper function for retrieving the log object associated with the context that owns this device.
*/
MA_API ma_log* ma_device_get_log(ma_device* pDevice);


/*
Retrieves information about the device.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose information is being retrieved.

type (in)
    The device type. This parameter is required for duplex devices. When retrieving device
    information, you are doing so for an individual playback or capture device.

pDeviceInfo (out)
    A pointer to the `ma_device_info` that will receive the device information.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. This should be considered unsafe because it may be calling into the backend which may or
may not be safe.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. You should avoid calling this in the data callback because it may call into the backend
which may or may not be safe.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_get_info(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type type, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo);


/*
Retrieves the name of the device.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose information is being retrieved.

type (in)
    The device type. This parameter is required for duplex devices. When retrieving device
    information, you are doing so for an individual playback or capture device.

pName (out)
    A pointer to the buffer that will receive the name.

nameCap (in)
    The capacity of the output buffer, including space for the null terminator.

pLengthNotIncludingNullTerminator (out, optional)
    A pointer to the variable that will receive the length of the name, not including the null
    terminator.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. This should be considered unsafe because it may be calling into the backend which may or
may not be safe.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. You should avoid calling this in the data callback because it may call into the backend
which may or may not be safe.


Remarks
-------
If the name does not fully fit into the output buffer, it'll be truncated. You can pass in NULL to
`pName` if you want to first get the length of the name for the purpose of memory allocation of the
output buffer. Allocating a buffer of size `MA_MAX_DEVICE_NAME_LENGTH + 1` should be enough for
most cases and will avoid the need for the inefficiency of calling this function twice.

This is implemented in terms of `ma_device_get_info()`.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_get_name(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type type, char* pName, size_t nameCap, size_t* pLengthNotIncludingNullTerminator);


/*
Starts the device. For playback devices this begins playback. For capture devices it begins recording.

Use `ma_device_stop()` to stop the device.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device to start.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. It's safe to call this from any thread with the exception of the callback thread.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. It is not safe to call this inside any callback.


Remarks
-------
For a playback device, this will retrieve an initial chunk of audio data from the client before returning. The reason for this is to ensure there is valid
audio data in the buffer, which needs to be done before the device begins playback.

This API waits until the backend device has been started for real by the worker thread. It also waits on a mutex for thread-safety.

Do not call this in any callback.


See Also
--------
ma_device_stop()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_start(ma_device* pDevice);

/*
Stops the device. For playback devices this stops playback. For capture devices it stops recording.

Use `ma_device_start()` to start the device again.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device to stop.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. It's safe to call this from any thread with the exception of the callback thread.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. It is not safe to call this inside any callback. Doing this will result in a deadlock.


Remarks
-------
This API needs to wait on the worker thread to stop the backend device properly before returning. It also waits on a mutex for thread-safety. In addition, some
backends need to wait for the device to finish playback/recording of the current fragment which can take some time (usually proportionate to the buffer size
that was specified at initialization time).

Backends are required to either pause the stream in-place or drain the buffer if pausing is not possible. The reason for this is that stopping the device and
the resuming it with ma_device_start() (which you might do when your program loses focus) may result in a situation where those samples are never output to the
speakers or received from the microphone which can in turn result in de-syncs.

Do not call this in any callback.


See Also
--------
ma_device_start()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_stop(ma_device* pDevice);

/*
Determines whether or not the device is started.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose start state is being retrieved.


Return Value
------------
True if the device is started, false otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. If another thread calls `ma_device_start()` or `ma_device_stop()` at this same time as this function is called, there's a very small chance the return
value will be out of sync.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe. This is implemented as a simple accessor.


See Also
--------
ma_device_start()
ma_device_stop()
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_device_is_started(const ma_device* pDevice);


/*
Retrieves the state of the device.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose state is being retrieved.


Return Value
------------
The current state of the device. The return value will be one of the following:

    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ma_device_state_uninitialized | Will only be returned if the device is in the middle of initialization.      |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ma_device_state_stopped       | The device is stopped. The initial state of the device after initialization. |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ma_device_state_started       | The device started and requesting and/or delivering audio data.              |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ma_device_state_starting      | The device is in the process of starting.                                    |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | ma_device_state_stopping      | The device is in the process of stopping.                                    |
    +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. This is implemented as a simple accessor. Note that if the device is started or stopped at the same time as this function is called,
there's a possibility the return value could be out of sync. See remarks.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe. This is implemented as a simple accessor.


Remarks
-------
The general flow of a devices state goes like this:

    ```
    ma_device_init()  -> ma_device_state_uninitialized -> ma_device_state_stopped
    ma_device_start() -> ma_device_state_starting      -> ma_device_state_started
    ma_device_stop()  -> ma_device_state_stopping      -> ma_device_state_stopped
    ```

When the state of the device is changed with `ma_device_start()` or `ma_device_stop()` at this same time as this function is called, the
value returned by this function could potentially be out of sync. If this is significant to your program you need to implement your own
synchronization.
*/
MA_API ma_device_state ma_device_get_state(const ma_device* pDevice);


/*
Performs post backend initialization routines for setting up internal data conversion.

This should be called whenever the backend is initialized. The only time this should be called from
outside of miniaudio is if you're implementing a custom backend, and you would only do it if you
are reinitializing the backend due to rerouting or reinitializing for some reason.


Parameters
----------
pDevice [in]
    A pointer to the device.

deviceType [in]
    The type of the device that was just reinitialized.

pPlaybackDescriptor [in]
    The descriptor of the playback device containing the internal data format and buffer sizes.

pPlaybackDescriptor [in]
    The descriptor of the capture device containing the internal data format and buffer sizes.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other error otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
Unsafe. This will be reinitializing internal data converters which may be in use by another thread.


Callback Safety
---------------
Unsafe. This will be reinitializing internal data converters which may be in use by the callback.


Remarks
-------
For a duplex device, you can call this for only one side of the system. This is why the deviceType
is specified as a parameter rather than deriving it from the device.

You do not need to call this manually unless you are doing a custom backend, in which case you need
only do it if you're manually performing rerouting or reinitialization.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_post_init(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_descriptor* pPlaybackDescriptor, const ma_device_descriptor* pCaptureDescriptor);


/*
Sets the master volume factor for the device.

The volume factor must be between 0 (silence) and 1 (full volume). Use `ma_device_set_master_volume_db()` to use decibel notation, where 0 is full volume and
values less than 0 decreases the volume.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose volume is being set.

volume (in)
    The new volume factor. Must be >= 0.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if the volume was set successfully.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if pDevice is NULL.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if volume is negative.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. This just sets a local member of the device object.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe. If you set the volume in the data callback, that data written to the output buffer will have the new volume applied.


Remarks
-------
This applies the volume factor across all channels.

This does not change the operating system's volume. It only affects the volume for the given `ma_device` object's audio stream.


See Also
--------
ma_device_get_master_volume()
ma_device_set_master_volume_db()
ma_device_get_master_volume_db()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_set_master_volume(ma_device* pDevice, float volume);

/*
Retrieves the master volume factor for the device.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose volume factor is being retrieved.

pVolume (in)
    A pointer to the variable that will receive the volume factor. The returned value will be in the range of [0, 1].


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if pDevice is NULL.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if pVolume is NULL.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. This just a simple member retrieval.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe.


Remarks
-------
If an error occurs, `*pVolume` will be set to 0.


See Also
--------
ma_device_set_master_volume()
ma_device_set_master_volume_gain_db()
ma_device_get_master_volume_gain_db()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_get_master_volume(ma_device* pDevice, float* pVolume);

/*
Sets the master volume for the device as gain in decibels.

A gain of 0 is full volume, whereas a gain of < 0 will decrease the volume.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose gain is being set.

gainDB (in)
    The new volume as gain in decibels. Must be less than or equal to 0, where 0 is full volume and anything less than 0 decreases the volume.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if the volume was set successfully.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if pDevice is NULL.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if the gain is > 0.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. This just sets a local member of the device object.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe. If you set the volume in the data callback, that data written to the output buffer will have the new volume applied.


Remarks
-------
This applies the gain across all channels.

This does not change the operating system's volume. It only affects the volume for the given `ma_device` object's audio stream.


See Also
--------
ma_device_get_master_volume_gain_db()
ma_device_set_master_volume()
ma_device_get_master_volume()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_set_master_volume_db(ma_device* pDevice, float gainDB);

/*
Retrieves the master gain in decibels.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to the device whose gain is being retrieved.

pGainDB (in)
    A pointer to the variable that will receive the gain in decibels. The returned value will be <= 0.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if pDevice is NULL.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if pGainDB is NULL.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe. This just a simple member retrieval.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe.


Remarks
-------
If an error occurs, `*pGainDB` will be set to 0.


See Also
--------
ma_device_set_master_volume_db()
ma_device_set_master_volume()
ma_device_get_master_volume()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_get_master_volume_db(ma_device* pDevice, float* pGainDB);


/*
Called from the data callback of asynchronous backends to allow miniaudio to process the data and fire the miniaudio data callback.


Parameters
----------
pDevice (in)
    A pointer to device whose processing the data callback.

pOutput (out)
    A pointer to the buffer that will receive the output PCM frame data. On a playback device this must not be NULL. On a duplex device
    this can be NULL, in which case pInput must not be NULL.

pInput (in)
    A pointer to the buffer containing input PCM frame data. On a capture device this must not be NULL. On a duplex device this can be
    NULL, in which case `pOutput` must not be NULL.

frameCount (in)
    The number of frames being processed.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful; any other result code otherwise.


Thread Safety
-------------
This function should only ever be called from the internal data callback of the backend. It is safe to call this simultaneously between a
playback and capture device in duplex setups.


Callback Safety
---------------
Do not call this from the miniaudio data callback. It should only ever be called from the internal data callback of the backend.


Remarks
-------
If both `pOutput` and `pInput` are NULL, and error will be returned. In duplex scenarios, both `pOutput` and `pInput` can be non-NULL, in
which case `pInput` will be processed first, followed by `pOutput`.

If you are implementing a custom backend, and that backend uses a callback for data delivery, you'll need to call this from inside that
callback.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_device_handle_backend_data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount);


/*
Calculates an appropriate buffer size from a descriptor, native sample rate and performance profile.

This function is used by backends for helping determine an appropriately sized buffer to use with
the device depending on the values of `periodSizeInFrames` and `periodSizeInMilliseconds` in the
`pDescriptor` object. Since buffer size calculations based on time depends on the sample rate, a
best guess at the device's native sample rate is also required which is where `nativeSampleRate`
comes in. In addition, the performance profile is also needed for cases where both the period size
in frames and milliseconds are both zero.


Parameters
----------
pDescriptor (in)
    A pointer to device descriptor whose `periodSizeInFrames` and `periodSizeInMilliseconds` members
    will be used for the calculation of the buffer size.

nativeSampleRate (in)
    The device's native sample rate. This is only ever used when the `periodSizeInFrames` member of
    `pDescriptor` is zero. In this case, `periodSizeInMilliseconds` will be used instead, in which
    case a sample rate is required to convert to a size in frames.

performanceProfile (in)
    When both the `periodSizeInFrames` and `periodSizeInMilliseconds` members of `pDescriptor` are
    zero, miniaudio will fall back to a buffer size based on the performance profile. The profile
    to use for this calculation is determine by this parameter.


Return Value
------------
The calculated buffer size in frames.


Thread Safety
-------------
This is safe so long as nothing modifies `pDescriptor` at the same time. However, this function
should only ever be called from within the backend's device initialization routine and therefore
shouldn't have any multithreading concerns.


Callback Safety
---------------
This is safe to call within the data callback, but there is no reason to ever do this.


Remarks
-------
If `nativeSampleRate` is zero, this function will fall back to `pDescriptor->sampleRate`. If that
is also zero, `MA_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE` will be used instead.
*/
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_descriptor(const ma_device_descriptor* pDescriptor, ma_uint32 nativeSampleRate, ma_performance_profile performanceProfile);



/*
Retrieves a friendly name for a backend.
*/
MA_API const char* ma_get_backend_name(ma_backend backend);

/*
Retrieves the backend enum from the given name.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_get_backend_from_name(const char* pBackendName, ma_backend* pBackend);

/*
Determines whether or not the given backend is available by the compilation environment.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_is_backend_enabled(ma_backend backend);

/*
Retrieves compile-time enabled backends.


Parameters
----------
pBackends (out, optional)
    A pointer to the buffer that will receive the enabled backends. Set to NULL to retrieve the backend count. Setting
    the capacity of the buffer to `MA_BACKEND_COUNT` will guarantee it's large enough for all backends.

backendCap (in)
    The capacity of the `pBackends` buffer.

pBackendCount (out)
    A pointer to the variable that will receive the enabled backend count.


Return Value
------------
MA_SUCCESS if successful.
MA_INVALID_ARGS if `pBackendCount` is NULL.
MA_NO_SPACE if the capacity of `pBackends` is not large enough.

If `MA_NO_SPACE` is returned, the `pBackends` buffer will be filled with `*pBackendCount` values.


Thread Safety
-------------
Safe.


Callback Safety
---------------
Safe.


Remarks
-------
If you want to retrieve the number of backends so you can determine the capacity of `pBackends` buffer, you can call
this function with `pBackends` set to NULL.

This will also enumerate the null backend. If you don't want to include this you need to check for `ma_backend_null`
when you enumerate over the returned backends and handle it appropriately. Alternatively, you can disable it at
compile time with `MA_NO_NULL`.

The returned backends are determined based on compile time settings, not the platform it's currently running on. For
example, PulseAudio will be returned if it was enabled at compile time, even when the user doesn't actually have
PulseAudio installed.


Example 1
---------
The example below retrieves the enabled backend count using a fixed sized buffer allocated on the stack. The buffer is
given a capacity of `MA_BACKEND_COUNT` which will guarantee it'll be large enough to store all available backends.
Since `MA_BACKEND_COUNT` is always a relatively small value, this should be suitable for most scenarios.

```
ma_backend enabledBackends[MA_BACKEND_COUNT];
size_t enabledBackendCount;

result = ma_get_enabled_backends(enabledBackends, MA_BACKEND_COUNT, &enabledBackendCount);
if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    // Failed to retrieve enabled backends. Should never happen in this example since all inputs are valid.
}
```


See Also
--------
ma_is_backend_enabled()
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_get_enabled_backends(ma_backend* pBackends, size_t backendCap, size_t* pBackendCount);

/*
Determines whether or not loopback mode is support by a backend.
*/
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_is_loopback_supported(ma_backend backend);

#endif  /* MA_NO_DEVICE_IO */



/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Utilities

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/

/*
Calculates a buffer size in milliseconds (rounded up) from the specified number of frames and sample rate.
*/
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_milliseconds_from_frames(ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames, ma_uint32 sampleRate);

/*
Calculates a buffer size in frames from the specified number of milliseconds and sample rate.
*/
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(ma_uint32 bufferSizeInMilliseconds, ma_uint32 sampleRate);

/*
Copies PCM frames from one buffer to another.
*/
MA_API void ma_copy_pcm_frames(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Copies silent frames into the given buffer.

Remarks
-------
For all formats except `ma_format_u8`, the output buffer will be filled with 0. For `ma_format_u8` it will be filled with 128. The reason for this is that it
makes more sense for the purpose of mixing to initialize it to the center point.
*/
MA_API void ma_silence_pcm_frames(void* p, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels);


/*
Offsets a pointer by the specified number of PCM frames.
*/
MA_API void* ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr(void* p, ma_uint64 offsetInFrames, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels);
MA_API const void* ma_offset_pcm_frames_const_ptr(const void* p, ma_uint64 offsetInFrames, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels);
static MA_INLINE float* ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr_f32(float* p, ma_uint64 offsetInFrames, ma_uint32 channels) { return (float*)ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr((void*)p, offsetInFrames, ma_format_f32, channels); }
static MA_INLINE const float* ma_offset_pcm_frames_const_ptr_f32(const float* p, ma_uint64 offsetInFrames, ma_uint32 channels) { return (const float*)ma_offset_pcm_frames_const_ptr((const void*)p, offsetInFrames, ma_format_f32, channels); }


/*
Clips samples.
*/
MA_API void ma_clip_samples_u8(ma_uint8* pDst, const ma_int16* pSrc, ma_uint64 count);
MA_API void ma_clip_samples_s16(ma_int16* pDst, const ma_int32* pSrc, ma_uint64 count);
MA_API void ma_clip_samples_s24(ma_uint8* pDst, const ma_int64* pSrc, ma_uint64 count);
MA_API void ma_clip_samples_s32(ma_int32* pDst, const ma_int64* pSrc, ma_uint64 count);
MA_API void ma_clip_samples_f32(float* pDst, const float* pSrc, ma_uint64 count);
MA_API void ma_clip_pcm_frames(void* pDst, const void* pSrc, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels);

/*
Helper for applying a volume factor to samples.

Note that the source and destination buffers can be the same, in which case it'll perform the operation in-place.
*/
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_u8(ma_uint8* pSamplesOut, const ma_uint8* pSamplesIn, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s16(ma_int16* pSamplesOut, const ma_int16* pSamplesIn, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s24(void* pSamplesOut, const void* pSamplesIn, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s32(ma_int32* pSamplesOut, const ma_int32* pSamplesIn, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_f32(float* pSamplesOut, const float* pSamplesIn, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_u8(ma_uint8* pSamples, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_s16(ma_int16* pSamples, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_s24(void* pSamples, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_s32(ma_int32* pSamples, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_f32(float* pSamples, ma_uint64 sampleCount, float factor);

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_u8(ma_uint8* pFramesOut, const ma_uint8* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s16(ma_int16* pFramesOut, const ma_int16* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s24(void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s32(ma_int32* pFramesOut, const ma_int32* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_f32(float* pFramesOut, const float* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames(void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_u8(ma_uint8* pFrames, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s16(ma_int16* pFrames, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s24(void* pFrames, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s32(ma_int32* pFrames, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_f32(float* pFrames, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);
MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames(void* pFrames, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, float factor);

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_per_channel_f32(float* pFramesOut, const float* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float* pChannelGains);


MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_and_clip_samples_u8(ma_uint8* pDst, const ma_int16* pSrc, ma_uint64 count, float volume);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_and_clip_samples_s16(ma_int16* pDst, const ma_int32* pSrc, ma_uint64 count, float volume);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_and_clip_samples_s24(ma_uint8* pDst, const ma_int64* pSrc, ma_uint64 count, float volume);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_and_clip_samples_s32(ma_int32* pDst, const ma_int64* pSrc, ma_uint64 count, float volume);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_and_clip_samples_f32(float* pDst, const float* pSrc, ma_uint64 count, float volume);
MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_and_clip_pcm_frames(void* pDst, const void* pSrc, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, float volume);


/*
Helper for converting a linear factor to gain in decibels.
*/
MA_API float ma_volume_linear_to_db(float factor);

/*
Helper for converting gain in decibels to a linear factor.
*/
MA_API float ma_volume_db_to_linear(float gain);


/*
Mixes the specified number of frames in floating point format with a volume factor.

This will run on an optimized path when the volume is equal to 1.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_mix_pcm_frames_f32(float* pDst, const float* pSrc, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float volume);




/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

VFS
===

The VFS object (virtual file system) is what's used to customize file access. This is useful in cases where stdio FILE* based APIs may not be entirely
appropriate for a given situation.

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
typedef void      ma_vfs;
typedef ma_handle ma_vfs_file;

typedef enum
{
    MA_OPEN_MODE_READ  = 0x00000001,
    MA_OPEN_MODE_WRITE = 0x00000002
} ma_open_mode_flags;

typedef enum
{
    ma_seek_origin_start,
    ma_seek_origin_current,
    ma_seek_origin_end  /* Not used by decoders. */
} ma_seek_origin;

typedef struct
{
    ma_uint64 sizeInBytes;
} ma_file_info;

typedef struct
{
    ma_result (* onOpen) (ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile);
    ma_result (* onOpenW)(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile);
    ma_result (* onClose)(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file);
    ma_result (* onRead) (ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, void* pDst, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesRead);
    ma_result (* onWrite)(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, const void* pSrc, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesWritten);
    ma_result (* onSeek) (ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin);
    ma_result (* onTell) (ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64* pCursor);
    ma_result (* onInfo) (ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo);
} ma_vfs_callbacks;

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_open(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_open_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_close(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_read(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, void* pDst, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesRead);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_write(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, const void* pSrc, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesWritten);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_seek(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_tell(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_info(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo);
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_open_and_read_file(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, void** ppData, size_t* pSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);

typedef struct
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks cb;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;    /* Only used for the wchar_t version of open() on non-Windows platforms. */
} ma_default_vfs;

MA_API ma_result ma_default_vfs_init(ma_default_vfs* pVFS, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);



typedef ma_result (* ma_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead, size_t* pBytesRead);
typedef ma_result (* ma_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin);
typedef ma_result (* ma_tell_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_int64* pCursor);



#if !defined(MA_NO_DECODING) || !defined(MA_NO_ENCODING)
typedef enum
{
    ma_encoding_format_unknown = 0,
    ma_encoding_format_wav,
    ma_encoding_format_flac,
    ma_encoding_format_mp3,
    ma_encoding_format_vorbis
} ma_encoding_format;
#endif

/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Decoding
========

Decoders are independent of the main device API. Decoding APIs can be called freely inside the device's data callback, but they are not thread safe unless
you do your own synchronization.

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_DECODING
typedef struct ma_decoder ma_decoder;


typedef struct
{
    ma_format preferredFormat;
    ma_uint32 seekPointCount;   /* Set to > 0 to generate a seektable if the decoding backend supports it. */
} ma_decoding_backend_config;

MA_API ma_decoding_backend_config ma_decoding_backend_config_init(ma_format preferredFormat, ma_uint32 seekPointCount);


typedef struct
{
    ma_result (* onInit      )(void* pUserData, ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_proc onTell, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend);
    ma_result (* onInitFile  )(void* pUserData, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend);               /* Optional. */
    ma_result (* onInitFileW )(void* pUserData, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend);            /* Optional. */
    ma_result (* onInitMemory)(void* pUserData, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend);  /* Optional. */
    void      (* onUninit    )(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
} ma_decoding_backend_vtable;


typedef ma_result (* ma_decoder_read_proc)(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead, size_t* pBytesRead);         /* Returns the number of bytes read. */
typedef ma_result (* ma_decoder_seek_proc)(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_int64 byteOffset, ma_seek_origin origin);
typedef ma_result (* ma_decoder_tell_proc)(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_int64* pCursor);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;      /* Set to 0 or ma_format_unknown to use the stream's internal format. */
    ma_uint32 channels;    /* Set to 0 to use the stream's internal channels. */
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;  /* Set to 0 to use the stream's internal sample rate. */
    ma_channel* pChannelMap;
    ma_channel_mix_mode channelMixMode;
    ma_dither_mode ditherMode;
    ma_resampler_config resampling;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    ma_encoding_format encodingFormat;
    ma_uint32 seekPointCount;   /* When set to > 0, specifies the number of seek points to use for the generation of a seek table. Not all decoding backends support this. */
    ma_decoding_backend_vtable** ppCustomBackendVTables;
    ma_uint32 customBackendCount;
    void* pCustomBackendUserData;
} ma_decoder_config;

struct ma_decoder
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;
    ma_data_source* pBackend;                   /* The decoding backend we'll be pulling data from. */
    const ma_decoding_backend_vtable* pBackendVTable; /* The vtable for the decoding backend. This needs to be stored so we can access the onUninit() callback. */
    void* pBackendUserData;
    ma_decoder_read_proc onRead;
    ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek;
    ma_decoder_tell_proc onTell;
    void* pUserData;
    ma_uint64 readPointerInPCMFrames;      /* In output sample rate. Used for keeping track of how many frames are available for decoding. */
    ma_format outputFormat;
    ma_uint32 outputChannels;
    ma_uint32 outputSampleRate;
    ma_data_converter converter;    /* Data conversion is achieved by running frames through this. */
    void* pInputCache;              /* In input format. Can be null if it's not needed. */
    ma_uint64 inputCacheCap;        /* The capacity of the input cache. */
    ma_uint64 inputCacheConsumed;   /* The number of frames that have been consumed in the cache. Used for determining the next valid frame. */
    ma_uint64 inputCacheRemaining;  /* The number of valid frames remaining in the cache. */
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    union
    {
        struct
        {
            ma_vfs* pVFS;
            ma_vfs_file file;
        } vfs;
        struct
        {
            const ma_uint8* pData;
            size_t dataSize;
            size_t currentReadPos;
        } memory;               /* Only used for decoders that were opened against a block of memory. */
    } data;
};

MA_API ma_decoder_config ma_decoder_config_init(ma_format outputFormat, ma_uint32 outputChannels, ma_uint32 outputSampleRate);
MA_API ma_decoder_config ma_decoder_config_init_default(void);

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file(const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder);

/*
Uninitializes a decoder.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_uninit(ma_decoder* pDecoder);

/*
Reads PCM frames from the given decoder.

This is not thread safe without your own synchronization.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_read_pcm_frames(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);

/*
Seeks to a PCM frame based on its absolute index.

This is not thread safe without your own synchronization.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex);

/*
Retrieves the decoder's output data format.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_get_data_format(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);

/*
Retrieves the current position of the read cursor in PCM frames.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64* pCursor);

/*
Retrieves the length of the decoder in PCM frames.

Do not call this on streams of an undefined length, such as internet radio.

If the length is unknown or an error occurs, 0 will be returned.

This will always return 0 for Vorbis decoders. This is due to a limitation with stb_vorbis in push mode which is what miniaudio
uses internally.

For MP3's, this will decode the entire file. Do not call this in time critical scenarios.

This function is not thread safe without your own synchronization.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64* pLength);

/*
Retrieves the number of frames that can be read before reaching the end.

This calls `ma_decoder_get_length_in_pcm_frames()` so you need to be aware of the rules for that function, in
particular ensuring you do not call it on streams of an undefined length, such as internet radio.

If the total length of the decoder cannot be retrieved, such as with Vorbis decoders, `MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED` will be
returned.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_get_available_frames(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64* pAvailableFrames);

/*
Helper for opening and decoding a file into a heap allocated block of memory. Free the returned pointer with ma_free(). On input,
pConfig should be set to what you want. On output it will be set to what you got.
*/
MA_API ma_result ma_decode_from_vfs(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut, void** ppPCMFramesOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_decode_file(const char* pFilePath, ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut, void** ppPCMFramesOut);
MA_API ma_result ma_decode_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut, void** ppPCMFramesOut);

#endif  /* MA_NO_DECODING */


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Encoding
========

Encoders do not perform any format conversion for you. If your target format does not support the format, and error will be returned.

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_ENCODING
typedef struct ma_encoder ma_encoder;

typedef ma_result (* ma_encoder_write_proc)           (ma_encoder* pEncoder, const void* pBufferIn, size_t bytesToWrite, size_t* pBytesWritten);
typedef ma_result (* ma_encoder_seek_proc)            (ma_encoder* pEncoder, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin);
typedef ma_result (* ma_encoder_init_proc)            (ma_encoder* pEncoder);
typedef void      (* ma_encoder_uninit_proc)          (ma_encoder* pEncoder);
typedef ma_result (* ma_encoder_write_pcm_frames_proc)(ma_encoder* pEncoder, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesWritten);

typedef struct
{
    ma_encoding_format encodingFormat;
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
} ma_encoder_config;

MA_API ma_encoder_config ma_encoder_config_init(ma_encoding_format encodingFormat, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate);

struct ma_encoder
{
    ma_encoder_config config;
    ma_encoder_write_proc onWrite;
    ma_encoder_seek_proc onSeek;
    ma_encoder_init_proc onInit;
    ma_encoder_uninit_proc onUninit;
    ma_encoder_write_pcm_frames_proc onWritePCMFrames;
    void* pUserData;
    void* pInternalEncoder;
    union
    {
        struct
        {
            ma_vfs* pVFS;
            ma_vfs_file file;
        } vfs;
    } data;
};

MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init(ma_encoder_write_proc onWrite, ma_encoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init_vfs(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init_vfs_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init_file(const char* pFilePath, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init_file_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder);
MA_API void ma_encoder_uninit(ma_encoder* pEncoder);
MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_write_pcm_frames(ma_encoder* pEncoder, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesWritten);

#endif /* MA_NO_ENCODING */


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Generation

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_GENERATION
typedef enum
{
    ma_waveform_type_sine,
    ma_waveform_type_square,
    ma_waveform_type_triangle,
    ma_waveform_type_sawtooth
} ma_waveform_type;

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_waveform_type type;
    double amplitude;
    double frequency;
} ma_waveform_config;

MA_API ma_waveform_config ma_waveform_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, ma_waveform_type type, double amplitude, double frequency);

typedef struct
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;
    ma_waveform_config config;
    double advance;
    double time;
} ma_waveform;

MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_init(const ma_waveform_config* pConfig, ma_waveform* pWaveform);
MA_API void ma_waveform_uninit(ma_waveform* pWaveform);
MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames(ma_waveform* pWaveform, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_waveform* pWaveform, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_set_amplitude(ma_waveform* pWaveform, double amplitude);
MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_set_frequency(ma_waveform* pWaveform, double frequency);
MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_set_type(ma_waveform* pWaveform, ma_waveform_type type);
MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_set_sample_rate(ma_waveform* pWaveform, ma_uint32 sampleRate);

typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    double dutyCycle;
    double amplitude;
    double frequency;
} ma_pulsewave_config;

MA_API ma_pulsewave_config ma_pulsewave_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double dutyCycle, double amplitude, double frequency);

typedef struct
{
    ma_waveform waveform;
    ma_pulsewave_config config;
} ma_pulsewave;

MA_API ma_result ma_pulsewave_init(const ma_pulsewave_config* pConfig, ma_pulsewave* pWaveform);
MA_API void ma_pulsewave_uninit(ma_pulsewave* pWaveform);
MA_API ma_result ma_pulsewave_read_pcm_frames(ma_pulsewave* pWaveform, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_result ma_pulsewave_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_pulsewave* pWaveform, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_pulsewave_set_amplitude(ma_pulsewave* pWaveform, double amplitude);
MA_API ma_result ma_pulsewave_set_frequency(ma_pulsewave* pWaveform, double frequency);
MA_API ma_result ma_pulsewave_set_sample_rate(ma_pulsewave* pWaveform, ma_uint32 sampleRate);
MA_API ma_result ma_pulsewave_set_duty_cycle(ma_pulsewave* pWaveform, double dutyCycle);

typedef enum
{
    ma_noise_type_white,
    ma_noise_type_pink,
    ma_noise_type_brownian
} ma_noise_type;


typedef struct
{
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_noise_type type;
    ma_int32 seed;
    double amplitude;
    ma_bool32 duplicateChannels;
} ma_noise_config;

MA_API ma_noise_config ma_noise_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_noise_type type, ma_int32 seed, double amplitude);

typedef struct
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;
    ma_noise_config config;
    ma_lcg lcg;
    union
    {
        struct
        {
            double** bin;
            double* accumulation;
            ma_uint32* counter;
        } pink;
        struct
        {
            double* accumulation;
        } brownian;
    } state;

    /* Memory management. */
    void* _pHeap;
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;
} ma_noise;

MA_API ma_result ma_noise_get_heap_size(const ma_noise_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_noise_init_preallocated(const ma_noise_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_noise* pNoise);
MA_API ma_result ma_noise_init(const ma_noise_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_noise* pNoise);
MA_API void ma_noise_uninit(ma_noise* pNoise, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_noise_read_pcm_frames(ma_noise* pNoise, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_result ma_noise_set_amplitude(ma_noise* pNoise, double amplitude);
MA_API ma_result ma_noise_set_seed(ma_noise* pNoise, ma_int32 seed);
MA_API ma_result ma_noise_set_type(ma_noise* pNoise, ma_noise_type type);

#endif  /* MA_NO_GENERATION */



/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Resource Manager

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
/* The resource manager cannot be enabled if there is no decoder. */
#if !defined(MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER) && defined(MA_NO_DECODING)
#define MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
#endif

#ifndef MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
typedef struct ma_resource_manager                  ma_resource_manager;
typedef struct ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node;
typedef struct ma_resource_manager_data_buffer      ma_resource_manager_data_buffer;
typedef struct ma_resource_manager_data_stream      ma_resource_manager_data_stream;
typedef struct ma_resource_manager_data_source      ma_resource_manager_data_source;

typedef enum
{
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM         = 0x00000001,   /* When set, does not load the entire data source in memory. Disk I/O will happen on job threads. */
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE         = 0x00000002,   /* Decode data before storing in memory. When set, decoding is done at the resource manager level rather than the mixing thread. Results in faster mixing, but higher memory usage. */
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC          = 0x00000004,   /* When set, the resource manager will load the data source asynchronously. */
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_WAIT_INIT      = 0x00000008,   /* When set, waits for initialization of the underlying data source before returning from ma_resource_manager_data_source_init(). */
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_UNKNOWN_LENGTH = 0x00000010,   /* Gives the resource manager a hint that the length of the data source is unknown and calling `ma_data_source_get_length_in_pcm_frames()` should be avoided. */
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_LOOPING        = 0x00000020    /* When set, configures the data source to loop by default. */
} ma_resource_manager_data_source_flags;


/*
Pipeline notifications used by the resource manager. Made up of both an async notification and a fence, both of which are optional.
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_async_notification* pNotification;
    ma_fence* pFence;
} ma_resource_manager_pipeline_stage_notification;

typedef struct
{
    ma_resource_manager_pipeline_stage_notification init;    /* Initialization of the decoder. */
    ma_resource_manager_pipeline_stage_notification done;    /* Decoding fully completed. */
} ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications;

MA_API ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications_init(void);



/* BEGIN BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY */
/* TODO: Remove this block in version 0.12. */
#if 1
#define ma_resource_manager_job                         ma_job
#define ma_resource_manager_job_init                    ma_job_init
#define MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_QUEUE_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING MA_JOB_QUEUE_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_config            ma_job_queue_config
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_config_init       ma_job_queue_config_init
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue                   ma_job_queue
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_get_heap_size     ma_job_queue_get_heap_size
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_init_preallocated ma_job_queue_init_preallocated
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_init              ma_job_queue_init
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_uninit            ma_job_queue_uninit
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_post              ma_job_queue_post
#define ma_resource_manager_job_queue_next              ma_job_queue_next
#endif
/* END BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY */




/* Maximum job thread count will be restricted to this, but this may be removed later and replaced with a heap allocation thereby removing any limitation. */
#ifndef MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_MAX_JOB_THREAD_COUNT
#define MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_MAX_JOB_THREAD_COUNT    64
#endif

typedef enum
{
    /* Indicates ma_resource_manager_next_job() should not block. Only valid when the job thread count is 0. */
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING = 0x00000001,

    /* Disables any kind of multithreading. Implicitly enables MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING. */
    MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FLAG_NO_THREADING = 0x00000002
} ma_resource_manager_flags;

typedef struct
{
    const char* pFilePath;
    const wchar_t* pFilePathW;
    const ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications* pNotifications;
    ma_uint64 initialSeekPointInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint64 rangeBegInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint64 rangeEndInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint64 loopPointBegInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint64 loopPointEndInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint32 flags;
    ma_bool32 isLooping;    /* Deprecated. Use the MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_LOOPING flag in `flags` instead. */
} ma_resource_manager_data_source_config;

MA_API ma_resource_manager_data_source_config ma_resource_manager_data_source_config_init(void);


typedef enum
{
    ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_unknown = 0,   /* Used for determining whether or the data supply has been initialized. */
    ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_encoded,       /* Data supply is an encoded buffer. Connector is ma_decoder. */
    ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_decoded,       /* Data supply is a decoded buffer. Connector is ma_audio_buffer. */
    ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_decoded_paged  /* Data supply is a linked list of decoded buffers. Connector is ma_paged_audio_buffer. */
} ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type;

typedef struct
{
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type) type;    /* Read and written from different threads so needs to be accessed atomically. */
    union
    {
        struct
        {
            const void* pData;
            size_t sizeInBytes;
        } encoded;
        struct
        {
            const void* pData;
            ma_uint64 totalFrameCount;
            ma_uint64 decodedFrameCount;
            ma_format format;
            ma_uint32 channels;
            ma_uint32 sampleRate;
        } decoded;
        struct
        {
            ma_paged_audio_buffer_data data;
            ma_uint64 decodedFrameCount;
            ma_uint32 sampleRate;
        } decodedPaged;
    } backend;
} ma_resource_manager_data_supply;

struct ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node
{
    ma_uint32 hashedName32;                         /* The hashed name. This is the key. */
    ma_uint32 refCount;
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_result) result;                 /* Result from asynchronous loading. When loading set to MA_BUSY. When fully loaded set to MA_SUCCESS. When deleting set to MA_UNAVAILABLE. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionCounter;       /* For allocating execution orders for jobs. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionPointer;       /* For managing the order of execution for asynchronous jobs relating to this object. Incremented as jobs complete processing. */
    ma_bool32 isDataOwnedByResourceManager;         /* Set to true when the underlying data buffer was allocated the resource manager. Set to false if it is owned by the application (via ma_resource_manager_register_*()). */
    ma_resource_manager_data_supply data;
    ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* pParent;
    ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* pChildLo;
    ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* pChildHi;
};

struct ma_resource_manager_data_buffer
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;                         /* Base data source. A data buffer is a data source. */
    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager;          /* A pointer to the resource manager that owns this buffer. */
    ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* pNode;    /* The data node. This is reference counted and is what supplies the data. */
    ma_uint32 flags;                                /* The flags that were passed used to initialize the buffer. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionCounter;       /* For allocating execution orders for jobs. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionPointer;       /* For managing the order of execution for asynchronous jobs relating to this object. Incremented as jobs complete processing. */
    ma_uint64 seekTargetInPCMFrames;                /* Only updated by the public API. Never written nor read from the job thread. */
    ma_bool32 seekToCursorOnNextRead;               /* On the next read we need to seek to the frame cursor. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_result) result;                 /* Keeps track of a result of decoding. Set to MA_BUSY while the buffer is still loading. Set to MA_SUCCESS when loading is finished successfully. Otherwise set to some other code. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isLooping;              /* Can be read and written by different threads at the same time. Must be used atomically. */
    ma_atomic_bool32 isConnectorInitialized;        /* Used for asynchronous loading to ensure we don't try to initialize the connector multiple times while waiting for the node to fully load. */
    union
    {
        ma_decoder decoder;                 /* Supply type is ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_encoded */
        ma_audio_buffer buffer;             /* Supply type is ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_decoded */
        ma_paged_audio_buffer pagedBuffer;  /* Supply type is ma_resource_manager_data_supply_type_decoded_paged */
    } connector;    /* Connects this object to the node's data supply. */
};

struct ma_resource_manager_data_stream
{
    ma_data_source_base ds;                     /* Base data source. A data stream is a data source. */
    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager;      /* A pointer to the resource manager that owns this data stream. */
    ma_uint32 flags;                            /* The flags that were passed used to initialize the stream. */
    ma_decoder decoder;                         /* Used for filling pages with data. This is only ever accessed by the job thread. The public API should never touch this. */
    ma_bool32 isDecoderInitialized;             /* Required for determining whether or not the decoder should be uninitialized in MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FREE_DATA_STREAM. */
    ma_uint64 totalLengthInPCMFrames;           /* This is calculated when first loaded by the MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_LOAD_DATA_STREAM. */
    ma_uint32 relativeCursor;                   /* The playback cursor, relative to the current page. Only ever accessed by the public API. Never accessed by the job thread. */
    MA_ATOMIC(8, ma_uint64) absoluteCursor;     /* The playback cursor, in absolute position starting from the start of the file. */
    ma_uint32 currentPageIndex;                 /* Toggles between 0 and 1. Index 0 is the first half of pPageData. Index 1 is the second half. Only ever accessed by the public API. Never accessed by the job thread. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionCounter;   /* For allocating execution orders for jobs. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionPointer;   /* For managing the order of execution for asynchronous jobs relating to this object. Incremented as jobs complete processing. */

    /* Written by the public API, read by the job thread. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isLooping;          /* Whether or not the stream is looping. It's important to set the looping flag at the data stream level for smooth loop transitions. */

    /* Written by the job thread, read by the public API. */
    void* pPageData;                            /* Buffer containing the decoded data of each page. Allocated once at initialization time. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) pageFrameCount[2];  /* The number of valid PCM frames in each page. Used to determine the last valid frame. */

    /* Written and read by both the public API and the job thread. These must be atomic. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_result) result;             /* Result from asynchronous loading. When loading set to MA_BUSY. When initialized set to MA_SUCCESS. When deleting set to MA_UNAVAILABLE. If an error occurs when loading, set to an error code. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isDecoderAtEnd;     /* Whether or not the decoder has reached the end. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isPageValid[2];     /* Booleans to indicate whether or not a page is valid. Set to false by the public API, set to true by the job thread. Set to false as the pages are consumed, true when they are filled. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) seekCounter;        /* When 0, no seeking is being performed. When > 0, a seek is being performed and reading should be delayed with MA_BUSY. */
};

struct ma_resource_manager_data_source
{
    union
    {
        ma_resource_manager_data_buffer buffer;
        ma_resource_manager_data_stream stream;
    } backend;  /* Must be the first item because we need the first item to be the data source callbacks for the buffer or stream. */

    ma_uint32 flags;                          /* The flags that were passed in to ma_resource_manager_data_source_init(). */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionCounter;     /* For allocating execution orders for jobs. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) executionPointer;     /* For managing the order of execution for asynchronous jobs relating to this object. Incremented as jobs complete processing. */
};

typedef struct
{
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    ma_log* pLog;
    ma_format decodedFormat;        /* The decoded format to use. Set to ma_format_unknown (default) to use the file's native format. */
    ma_uint32 decodedChannels;      /* The decoded channel count to use. Set to 0 (default) to use the file's native channel count. */
    ma_uint32 decodedSampleRate;    /* the decoded sample rate to use. Set to 0 (default) to use the file's native sample rate. */
    ma_uint32 jobThreadCount;       /* Set to 0 if you want to self-manage your job threads. Defaults to 1. */
    size_t jobThreadStackSize;
    ma_uint32 jobQueueCapacity;     /* The maximum number of jobs that can fit in the queue at a time. Defaults to MA_JOB_TYPE_RESOURCE_MANAGER_QUEUE_CAPACITY. Cannot be zero. */
    ma_uint32 flags;
    ma_vfs* pVFS;                   /* Can be NULL in which case defaults will be used. */
    ma_decoding_backend_vtable** ppCustomDecodingBackendVTables;
    ma_uint32 customDecodingBackendCount;
    void* pCustomDecodingBackendUserData;
    ma_resampler_config resampling;
} ma_resource_manager_config;

MA_API ma_resource_manager_config ma_resource_manager_config_init(void);

struct ma_resource_manager
{
    ma_resource_manager_config config;
    ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_node* pRootDataBufferNode;      /* The root buffer in the binary tree. */
#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
    ma_mutex dataBufferBSTLock;                                     /* For synchronizing access to the data buffer binary tree. */
    ma_thread jobThreads[MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_MAX_JOB_THREAD_COUNT]; /* The threads for executing jobs. */
#endif
    ma_job_queue jobQueue;                                          /* Multi-consumer, multi-producer job queue for managing jobs for asynchronous decoding and streaming. */
    ma_default_vfs defaultVFS;                                      /* Only used if a custom VFS is not specified. */
    ma_log log;                                                     /* Only used if no log was specified in the config. */
};

/* Init. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_init(const ma_resource_manager_config* pConfig, ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager);
MA_API void ma_resource_manager_uninit(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager);
MA_API ma_log* ma_resource_manager_get_log(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager);

/* Registration. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_register_file(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_register_file_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_register_decoded_data(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pName, const void* pData, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate);  /* Does not copy. Increments the reference count if already exists and returns MA_SUCCESS. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_register_decoded_data_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pName, const void* pData, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_register_encoded_data(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pName, const void* pData, size_t sizeInBytes);    /* Does not copy. Increments the reference count if already exists and returns MA_SUCCESS. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_register_encoded_data_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pName, const void* pData, size_t sizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_unregister_file(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pFilePath);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_unregister_file_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pFilePath);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_unregister_data(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pName);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_unregister_data_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pName);

/* Data Buffers. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_init_ex(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const ma_resource_manager_data_source_config* pConfig, ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_init(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications* pNotifications, ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_init_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications* pNotifications, ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_init_copy(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pExistingDataBuffer, ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_uninit(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_read_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_data_format(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_uint64* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_result(const ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_set_looping(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_bool32 isLooping);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_is_looping(const ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_buffer_get_available_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_buffer* pDataBuffer, ma_uint64* pAvailableFrames);

/* Data Streams. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_init_ex(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const ma_resource_manager_data_source_config* pConfig, ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_init(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications* pNotifications, ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_init_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications* pNotifications, ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_uninit(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_read_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_get_data_format(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream, ma_uint64* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_result(const ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_set_looping(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream, ma_bool32 isLooping);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_resource_manager_data_stream_is_looping(const ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_stream_get_available_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_stream* pDataStream, ma_uint64* pAvailableFrames);

/* Data Sources. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_init_ex(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const ma_resource_manager_data_source_config* pConfig, ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_init(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const char* pName, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications* pNotifications, ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_init_w(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const wchar_t* pName, ma_uint32 flags, const ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications* pNotifications, ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_init_copy(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const ma_resource_manager_data_source* pExistingDataSource, ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_uninit(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_read_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_get_data_format(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_result(const ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_set_looping(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource, ma_bool32 isLooping);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_resource_manager_data_source_is_looping(const ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_data_source_get_available_frames(ma_resource_manager_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64* pAvailableFrames);

/* Job management. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_post_job(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, const ma_job* pJob);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_post_job_quit(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager);  /* Helper for posting a quit job. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_next_job(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, ma_job* pJob);
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_process_job(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager, ma_job* pJob);  /* DEPRECATED. Use ma_job_process(). Will be removed in version 0.12. */
MA_API ma_result ma_resource_manager_process_next_job(ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager);   /* Returns MA_CANCELLED if a MA_JOB_TYPE_QUIT job is found. In non-blocking mode, returns MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE if no jobs are available. */
#endif  /* MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER */



/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Node Graph

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_NODE_GRAPH
/* Must never exceed 254. */
#ifndef MA_MAX_NODE_BUS_COUNT
#define MA_MAX_NODE_BUS_COUNT       254
#endif

/* Used internally by miniaudio for memory management. Must never exceed MA_MAX_NODE_BUS_COUNT. */
#ifndef MA_MAX_NODE_LOCAL_BUS_COUNT
#define MA_MAX_NODE_LOCAL_BUS_COUNT 2
#endif

/* Use this when the bus count is determined by the node instance rather than the vtable. */
#define MA_NODE_BUS_COUNT_UNKNOWN   255


/* For some internal memory management of ma_node_graph. */
typedef struct
{
    size_t offset;
    size_t sizeInBytes;
    unsigned char _data[1];
} ma_stack;


typedef struct ma_node_graph ma_node_graph;
typedef void ma_node;


/* Node flags. */
typedef enum
{
    MA_NODE_FLAG_PASSTHROUGH                = 0x00000001,
    MA_NODE_FLAG_CONTINUOUS_PROCESSING      = 0x00000002,
    MA_NODE_FLAG_ALLOW_NULL_INPUT           = 0x00000004,
    MA_NODE_FLAG_DIFFERENT_PROCESSING_RATES = 0x00000008,
    MA_NODE_FLAG_SILENT_OUTPUT              = 0x00000010
} ma_node_flags;


/* The playback state of a node. Either started or stopped. */
typedef enum
{
    ma_node_state_started = 0,
    ma_node_state_stopped = 1
} ma_node_state;


typedef struct
{
    /*
    Extended processing callback. This callback is used for effects that process input and output
    at different rates (i.e. they perform resampling). This is similar to the simple version, only
    they take two separate frame counts: one for input, and one for output.

    On input, `pFrameCountOut` is equal to the capacity of the output buffer for each bus, whereas
    `pFrameCountIn` will be equal to the number of PCM frames in each of the buffers in `ppFramesIn`.

    On output, set `pFrameCountOut` to the number of PCM frames that were actually output and set
    `pFrameCountIn` to the number of input frames that were consumed.
    */
    void (* onProcess)(ma_node* pNode, const float** ppFramesIn, ma_uint32* pFrameCountIn, float** ppFramesOut, ma_uint32* pFrameCountOut);

    /*
    A callback for retrieving the number of input frames that are required to output the
    specified number of output frames. You would only want to implement this when the node performs
    resampling. This is optional, even for nodes that perform resampling, but it does offer a
    small reduction in latency as it allows miniaudio to calculate the exact number of input frames
    to read at a time instead of having to estimate.
    */
    ma_result (* onGetRequiredInputFrameCount)(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputFrameCount, ma_uint32* pInputFrameCount);

    /*
    The number of input buses. This is how many sub-buffers will be contained in the `ppFramesIn`
    parameters of the callbacks above.
    */
    ma_uint8 inputBusCount;

    /*
    The number of output buses. This is how many sub-buffers will be contained in the `ppFramesOut`
    parameters of the callbacks above.
    */
    ma_uint8 outputBusCount;

    /*
    Flags describing characteristics of the node. This is currently just a placeholder for some
    ideas for later on.
    */
    ma_uint32 flags;
} ma_node_vtable;

typedef struct
{
    const ma_node_vtable* vtable;       /* Should never be null. Initialization of the node will fail if so. */
    ma_node_state initialState;         /* Defaults to ma_node_state_started. */
    ma_uint32 inputBusCount;            /* Only used if the vtable specifies an input bus count of `MA_NODE_BUS_COUNT_UNKNOWN`, otherwise must be set to `MA_NODE_BUS_COUNT_UNKNOWN` (default). */
    ma_uint32 outputBusCount;           /* Only used if the vtable specifies an output bus count of `MA_NODE_BUS_COUNT_UNKNOWN`, otherwise  be set to `MA_NODE_BUS_COUNT_UNKNOWN` (default). */
    const ma_uint32* pInputChannels;    /* The number of elements are determined by the input bus count as determined by the vtable, or `inputBusCount` if the vtable specifies `MA_NODE_BUS_COUNT_UNKNOWN`. */
    const ma_uint32* pOutputChannels;   /* The number of elements are determined by the output bus count as determined by the vtable, or `outputBusCount` if the vtable specifies `MA_NODE_BUS_COUNT_UNKNOWN`. */
} ma_node_config;

MA_API ma_node_config ma_node_config_init(void);


/*
A node has multiple output buses. An output bus is attached to an input bus as an item in a linked
list. Think of the input bus as a linked list, with the output bus being an item in that list.
*/
typedef struct ma_node_output_bus ma_node_output_bus;
struct ma_node_output_bus
{
    /* Immutable. */
    ma_node* pNode;                                         /* The node that owns this output bus. The input node. Will be null for dummy head and tail nodes. */
    ma_uint8 outputBusIndex;                                /* The index of the output bus on pNode that this output bus represents. */
    ma_uint8 channels;                                      /* The number of channels in the audio stream for this bus. */

    /* Mutable via multiple threads. Must be used atomically. The weird ordering here is for packing reasons. */
    ma_uint8 inputNodeInputBusIndex;                        /* The index of the input bus on the input. Required for detaching. Will only be used within the spinlock so does not need to be atomic. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) flags;                          /* Some state flags for tracking the read state of the output buffer. A combination of MA_NODE_OUTPUT_BUS_FLAG_*. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) refCount;                       /* Reference count for some thread-safety when detaching. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isAttached;                     /* This is used to prevent iteration of nodes that are in the middle of being detached. Used for thread safety. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_spinlock) lock;                         /* Unfortunate lock, but significantly simplifies the implementation. Required for thread-safe attaching and detaching. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, float) volume;                             /* Linear. */
    MA_ATOMIC(MA_SIZEOF_PTR, ma_node_output_bus*) pNext;    /* If null, it's the tail node or detached. */
    MA_ATOMIC(MA_SIZEOF_PTR, ma_node_output_bus*) pPrev;    /* If null, it's the head node or detached. */
    MA_ATOMIC(MA_SIZEOF_PTR, ma_node*) pInputNode;          /* The node that this output bus is attached to. Required for detaching. */
};

/*
A node has multiple input buses. The output buses of a node are connecting to the input busses of
another. An input bus is essentially just a linked list of output buses.
*/
typedef struct ma_node_input_bus ma_node_input_bus;
struct ma_node_input_bus
{
    /* Mutable via multiple threads. */
    ma_node_output_bus head;                /* Dummy head node for simplifying some lock-free thread-safety stuff. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) nextCounter;    /* This is used to determine whether or not the input bus is finding the next node in the list. Used for thread safety when detaching output buses. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_spinlock) lock;         /* Unfortunate lock, but significantly simplifies the implementation. Required for thread-safe attaching and detaching. */

    /* Set once at startup. */
    ma_uint8 channels;                      /* The number of channels in the audio stream for this bus. */
};


typedef struct ma_node_base ma_node_base;
struct ma_node_base
{
    /* These variables are set once at startup. */
    ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph;                  /* The graph this node belongs to. */
    const ma_node_vtable* vtable;
    ma_uint32 inputBusCount;
    ma_uint32 outputBusCount;
    ma_node_input_bus* pInputBuses;
    ma_node_output_bus* pOutputBuses;
    float* pCachedData;                         /* Allocated on the heap. Fixed size. Needs to be stored on the heap because reading from output buses is done in separate function calls. */
    ma_uint16 cachedDataCapInFramesPerBus;      /* The capacity of the input data cache in frames, per bus. */

    /* These variables are read and written only from the audio thread. */
    ma_uint16 cachedFrameCountOut;
    ma_uint16 cachedFrameCountIn;
    ma_uint16 consumedFrameCountIn;

    /* These variables are read and written between different threads. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_node_state) state;          /* When set to stopped, nothing will be read, regardless of the times in stateTimes. */
    MA_ATOMIC(8, ma_uint64) stateTimes[2];      /* Indexed by ma_node_state. Specifies the time based on the global clock that a node should be considered to be in the relevant state. */
    MA_ATOMIC(8, ma_uint64) localTime;          /* The node's local clock. This is just a running sum of the number of output frames that have been processed. Can be modified by any thread with `ma_node_set_time()`. */

    /* Memory management. */
    ma_node_input_bus _inputBuses[MA_MAX_NODE_LOCAL_BUS_COUNT];
    ma_node_output_bus _outputBuses[MA_MAX_NODE_LOCAL_BUS_COUNT];
    void* _pHeap;   /* A heap allocation for internal use only. pInputBuses and/or pOutputBuses will point to this if the bus count exceeds MA_MAX_NODE_LOCAL_BUS_COUNT. */
    ma_bool32 _ownsHeap;    /* If set to true, the node owns the heap allocation and _pHeap will be freed in ma_node_uninit(). */
};

MA_API ma_result ma_node_get_heap_size(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_node_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_init_preallocated(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_node_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_node_uninit(ma_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_node_graph* ma_node_get_node_graph(const ma_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_get_input_bus_count(const ma_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_get_output_bus_count(const ma_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_get_input_channels(const ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 inputBusIndex);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_get_output_channels(const ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_attach_output_bus(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusIndex, ma_node* pOtherNode, ma_uint32 otherNodeInputBusIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_detach_output_bus(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_detach_all_output_buses(ma_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_set_output_bus_volume(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusIndex, float volume);
MA_API float ma_node_get_output_bus_volume(const ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 outputBusIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_set_state(ma_node* pNode, ma_node_state state);
MA_API ma_node_state ma_node_get_state(const ma_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_set_state_time(ma_node* pNode, ma_node_state state, ma_uint64 globalTime);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_node_get_state_time(const ma_node* pNode, ma_node_state state);
MA_API ma_node_state ma_node_get_state_by_time(const ma_node* pNode, ma_uint64 globalTime);
MA_API ma_node_state ma_node_get_state_by_time_range(const ma_node* pNode, ma_uint64 globalTimeBeg, ma_uint64 globalTimeEnd);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_node_get_time(const ma_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_set_time(ma_node* pNode, ma_uint64 localTime);


typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 processingSizeInFrames;   /* This is the preferred processing size for node processing callbacks unless overridden by a node itself. Can be 0 in which case it will be based on the frame count passed into ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames(), but will not be well defined. */
    size_t preMixStackSizeInBytes;      /* Defaults to 512KB per channel. Reducing this will save memory, but the depth of your node graph will be more restricted. */
} ma_node_graph_config;

MA_API ma_node_graph_config ma_node_graph_config_init(ma_uint32 channels);


struct ma_node_graph
{
    /* Immutable. */
    ma_node_base base;                  /* The node graph itself is a node so it can be connected as an input to different node graph. This has zero inputs and calls ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames() to generate it's output. */
    ma_node_base endpoint;              /* Special node that all nodes eventually connect to. Data is read from this node in ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames(). */
    float* pProcessingCache;            /* This will be allocated when processingSizeInFrames is non-zero. This is needed because ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames() can be called with a variable number of frames, and we may need to do some buffering in situations where the caller requests a frame count that's not a multiple of processingSizeInFrames. */
    ma_uint32 processingCacheFramesRemaining;
    ma_uint32 processingSizeInFrames;

    /* Read and written by multiple threads. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isReading;

    /* Modified only by the audio thread. */
    ma_stack* pPreMixStack;
};

MA_API ma_result ma_node_graph_init(const ma_node_graph_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);
MA_API void ma_node_graph_uninit(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_node* ma_node_graph_get_endpoint(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_graph_get_channels(const ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_node_graph_get_time(const ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);
MA_API ma_result ma_node_graph_set_time(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, ma_uint64 globalTime);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_node_graph_get_processing_size_in_frames(const ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph);



/* Data source node. 0 input buses, 1 output bus. Used for reading from a data source. */
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_data_source* pDataSource;
} ma_data_source_node_config;

MA_API ma_data_source_node_config ma_data_source_node_config_init(ma_data_source* pDataSource);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base base;
    ma_data_source* pDataSource;
} ma_data_source_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_data_source_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source_node* pDataSourceNode);
MA_API void ma_data_source_node_uninit(ma_data_source_node* pDataSourceNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_node_set_looping(ma_data_source_node* pDataSourceNode, ma_bool32 isLooping);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_data_source_node_is_looping(ma_data_source_node* pDataSourceNode);


/* Splitter Node. 1 input, many outputs. Used for splitting/copying a stream so it can be as input into two separate output nodes. */
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 outputBusCount;
} ma_splitter_node_config;

MA_API ma_splitter_node_config ma_splitter_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base base;
} ma_splitter_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_splitter_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_splitter_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_splitter_node* pSplitterNode);
MA_API void ma_splitter_node_uninit(ma_splitter_node* pSplitterNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
Biquad Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_biquad_config biquad;
} ma_biquad_node_config;

MA_API ma_biquad_node_config ma_biquad_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, float b0, float b1, float b2, float a0, float a1, float a2);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_biquad biquad;
} ma_biquad_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_biquad_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_biquad_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_node_reinit(const ma_biquad_config* pConfig, ma_biquad_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_biquad_node_uninit(ma_biquad_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
Low Pass Filter Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_lpf_config lpf;
} ma_lpf_node_config;

MA_API ma_lpf_node_config ma_lpf_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_lpf lpf;
} ma_lpf_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_lpf_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_lpf_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_node_reinit(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, ma_lpf_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_lpf_node_uninit(ma_lpf_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
High Pass Filter Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_hpf_config hpf;
} ma_hpf_node_config;

MA_API ma_hpf_node_config ma_hpf_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_hpf hpf;
} ma_hpf_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_hpf_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_hpf_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_node_reinit(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, ma_hpf_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_hpf_node_uninit(ma_hpf_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
Band Pass Filter Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_bpf_config bpf;
} ma_bpf_node_config;

MA_API ma_bpf_node_config ma_bpf_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_bpf bpf;
} ma_bpf_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_bpf_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_bpf_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_node_reinit(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, ma_bpf_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_bpf_node_uninit(ma_bpf_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
Notching Filter Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_notch_config notch;
} ma_notch_node_config;

MA_API ma_notch_node_config ma_notch_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double q, double frequency);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_notch2 notch;
} ma_notch_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_notch_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_notch_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_notch_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_notch_node_reinit(const ma_notch_config* pConfig, ma_notch_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_notch_node_uninit(ma_notch_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
Peaking Filter Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_peak_config peak;
} ma_peak_node_config;

MA_API ma_peak_node_config ma_peak_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double q, double frequency);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_peak2 peak;
} ma_peak_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_peak_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_peak_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_peak_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_peak_node_reinit(const ma_peak_config* pConfig, ma_peak_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_peak_node_uninit(ma_peak_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
Low Shelf Filter Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_loshelf_config loshelf;
} ma_loshelf_node_config;

MA_API ma_loshelf_node_config ma_loshelf_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double q, double frequency);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_loshelf2 loshelf;
} ma_loshelf_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_loshelf_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_loshelf_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf_node_reinit(const ma_loshelf_config* pConfig, ma_loshelf_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_loshelf_node_uninit(ma_loshelf_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


/*
High Shelf Filter Node
*/
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_hishelf_config hishelf;
} ma_hishelf_node_config;

MA_API ma_hishelf_node_config ma_hishelf_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double q, double frequency);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_hishelf2 hishelf;
} ma_hishelf_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_hishelf_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_hishelf_node* pNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf_node_reinit(const ma_hishelf_config* pConfig, ma_hishelf_node* pNode);
MA_API void ma_hishelf_node_uninit(ma_hishelf_node* pNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_config nodeConfig;
    ma_delay_config delay;
} ma_delay_node_config;

MA_API ma_delay_node_config ma_delay_node_config_init(ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, ma_uint32 delayInFrames, float decay);


typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;
    ma_delay delay;
} ma_delay_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_delay_node_init(ma_node_graph* pNodeGraph, const ma_delay_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_delay_node* pDelayNode);
MA_API void ma_delay_node_uninit(ma_delay_node* pDelayNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
MA_API void ma_delay_node_set_wet(ma_delay_node* pDelayNode, float value);
MA_API float ma_delay_node_get_wet(const ma_delay_node* pDelayNode);
MA_API void ma_delay_node_set_dry(ma_delay_node* pDelayNode, float value);
MA_API float ma_delay_node_get_dry(const ma_delay_node* pDelayNode);
MA_API void ma_delay_node_set_decay(ma_delay_node* pDelayNode, float value);
MA_API float ma_delay_node_get_decay(const ma_delay_node* pDelayNode);
#endif  /* MA_NO_NODE_GRAPH */


/* SECTION: miniaudio_engine.h */
/************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Engine

************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#if !defined(MA_NO_ENGINE) && !defined(MA_NO_NODE_GRAPH)
typedef struct ma_engine ma_engine;
typedef struct ma_sound  ma_sound;


/* Sound flags. */
typedef enum
{
    /* Resource manager flags. */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_STREAM                = 0x00000001,   /* MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_DECODE                = 0x00000002,   /* MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_ASYNC                 = 0x00000004,   /* MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_WAIT_INIT             = 0x00000008,   /* MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_WAIT_INIT */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_UNKNOWN_LENGTH        = 0x00000010,   /* MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_UNKNOWN_LENGTH */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_LOOPING               = 0x00000020,   /* MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_LOOPING */

    /* ma_sound specific flags. */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_DEFAULT_ATTACHMENT = 0x00001000,   /* Do not attach to the endpoint by default. Useful for when setting up nodes in a complex graph system. */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_PITCH              = 0x00002000,   /* Disable pitch shifting with ma_sound_set_pitch() and ma_sound_group_set_pitch(). This is an optimization. */
    MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_SPATIALIZATION     = 0x00004000    /* Disable spatialization. */
} ma_sound_flags;

#ifndef MA_ENGINE_MAX_LISTENERS
#define MA_ENGINE_MAX_LISTENERS             4
#endif

#define MA_LISTENER_INDEX_CLOSEST           ((ma_uint8)-1)

typedef enum
{
    ma_engine_node_type_sound,
    ma_engine_node_type_group
} ma_engine_node_type;

typedef struct
{
    ma_engine* pEngine;
    ma_engine_node_type type;
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;               /* Only used when the type is set to ma_engine_node_type_sound. */
    ma_uint32 volumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames;  /* The number of frames to smooth over volume changes. Defaults to 0 in which case no smoothing is used. */
    ma_mono_expansion_mode monoExpansionMode;
    ma_bool8 isPitchDisabled;           /* Pitching can be explicitly disabled with MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_PITCH to optimize processing. */
    ma_bool8 isSpatializationDisabled;  /* Spatialization can be explicitly disabled with MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_SPATIALIZATION. */
    ma_uint8 pinnedListenerIndex;       /* The index of the listener this node should always use for spatialization. If set to MA_LISTENER_INDEX_CLOSEST the engine will use the closest listener. */
    ma_resampler_config resampling;
} ma_engine_node_config;

MA_API ma_engine_node_config ma_engine_node_config_init(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_engine_node_type type, ma_uint32 flags);


/* Base node object for both ma_sound and ma_sound_group. */
typedef struct
{
    ma_node_base baseNode;                              /* Must be the first member for compatibility with the ma_node API. */
    ma_engine* pEngine;                                 /* A pointer to the engine. Set based on the value from the config. */
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;                               /* The sample rate of the input data. For sounds backed by a data source, this will be the data source's sample rate. Otherwise it'll be the engine's sample rate. */
    ma_uint32 volumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames;
    ma_mono_expansion_mode monoExpansionMode;
    ma_fader fader;
    ma_resampler resampler;                             /* For pitch shift. */
    ma_spatializer spatializer;
    ma_panner panner;
    ma_gainer volumeGainer;                             /* This will only be used if volumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames is > 0. */
    ma_atomic_float volume;                             /* Defaults to 1. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, float) pitch;
    float oldPitch;                                     /* For determining whether or not the resampler needs to be updated to reflect the new pitch. The resampler will be updated on the mixing thread. */
    float oldDopplerPitch;                              /* For determining whether or not the resampler needs to be updated to take a new doppler pitch into account. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isPitchDisabled;            /* When set to true, pitching will be disabled which will allow the resampler to be bypassed to save some computation. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) isSpatializationDisabled;   /* Set to false by default. When set to false, will not have spatialisation applied. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) pinnedListenerIndex;        /* The index of the listener this node should always use for spatialization. If set to MA_LISTENER_INDEX_CLOSEST the engine will use the closest listener. */

    /* When setting a fade, it's not done immediately in ma_sound_set_fade(). It's deferred to the audio thread which means we need to store the settings here. */
    struct
    {
        ma_atomic_float volumeBeg;
        ma_atomic_float volumeEnd;
        ma_atomic_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames;            /* <-- Defaults to (~(ma_uint64)0) which is used to indicate that no fade should be applied. */
        ma_atomic_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInFrames;    /* <-- The time to start the fade. */
    } fadeSettings;

    /* Memory management. */
    ma_bool8 _ownsHeap;
    void* _pHeap;
} ma_engine_node;

MA_API ma_result ma_engine_node_get_heap_size(const ma_engine_node_config* pConfig, size_t* pHeapSizeInBytes);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_node_init_preallocated(const ma_engine_node_config* pConfig, void* pHeap, ma_engine_node* pEngineNode);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_node_init(const ma_engine_node_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_engine_node* pEngineNode);
MA_API void ma_engine_node_uninit(ma_engine_node* pEngineNode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);


#define MA_SOUND_SOURCE_CHANNEL_COUNT   0xFFFFFFFF

/* Callback for when a sound reaches the end. */
typedef void (* ma_sound_end_proc)(void* pUserData, ma_sound* pSound);

typedef struct
{
    const char* pFilePath;                      /* Set this to load from the resource manager. */
    const wchar_t* pFilePathW;                  /* Set this to load from the resource manager. */
    ma_data_source* pDataSource;                /* Set this to load from an existing data source. */
    ma_node* pInitialAttachment;                /* If set, the sound will be attached to an input of this node. This can be set to a ma_sound. If set to NULL, the sound will be attached directly to the endpoint unless MA_SOUND_FLAG_NO_DEFAULT_ATTACHMENT is set in `flags`. */
    ma_uint32 initialAttachmentInputBusIndex;   /* The index of the input bus of pInitialAttachment to attach the sound to. */
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;                       /* Ignored if using a data source as input (the data source's channel count will be used always). Otherwise, setting to 0 will cause the engine's channel count to be used. */
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;                      /* Set this to 0 (default) to use the engine's channel count. Set to MA_SOUND_SOURCE_CHANNEL_COUNT to use the data source's channel count (only used if using a data source as input). */
    ma_mono_expansion_mode monoExpansionMode;   /* Controls how the mono channel should be expanded to other channels when spatialization is disabled on a sound. */
    ma_uint32 flags;                            /* A combination of MA_SOUND_FLAG_* flags. */
    ma_uint32 volumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames;      /* The number of frames to smooth over volume changes. Defaults to 0 in which case no smoothing is used. */
    ma_uint64 initialSeekPointInPCMFrames;      /* Initializes the sound such that it's seeked to this location by default. */
    ma_uint64 rangeBegInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint64 rangeEndInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint64 loopPointBegInPCMFrames;
    ma_uint64 loopPointEndInPCMFrames;
    ma_sound_end_proc endCallback;              /* Fired when the sound reaches the end. Will be fired from the audio thread. Do not restart, uninitialize or otherwise change the state of the sound from here. Instead fire an event or set a variable to indicate to a different thread to change the start of the sound. Will not be fired in response to a scheduled stop with ma_sound_set_stop_time_*(). */
    void* pEndCallbackUserData;
    ma_resampler_config pitchResampling;
#ifndef MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
    ma_resource_manager_pipeline_notifications initNotifications;
#endif
    ma_fence* pDoneFence;                       /* Deprecated. Use initNotifications instead. Released when the resource manager has finished decoding the entire sound. Not used with streams. */
    ma_bool32 isLooping;                        /* Deprecated. Use the MA_SOUND_FLAG_LOOPING flag in `flags` instead. */
} ma_sound_config;

MA_API ma_sound_config ma_sound_config_init(void);                  /* Deprecated. Will be removed in version 0.12. Use ma_sound_config_2() instead. */
MA_API ma_sound_config ma_sound_config_init_2(ma_engine* pEngine);  /* Will be renamed to ma_sound_config_init() in version 0.12. */

struct ma_sound
{
    ma_engine_node engineNode;          /* Must be the first member for compatibility with the ma_node API. */
    ma_data_source* pDataSource;
    MA_ATOMIC(8, ma_uint64) seekTarget; /* The PCM frame index to seek to in the mixing thread. Set to (~(ma_uint64)0) to not perform any seeking. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_bool32) atEnd;
    ma_sound_end_proc endCallback;
    void* pEndCallbackUserData;
    float* pProcessingCache;            /* Will be null if pDataSource is null. */
    ma_uint32 processingCacheFramesRemaining;
    ma_uint32 processingCacheCap;
    ma_bool8 ownsDataSource;    

    /*
    We're declaring a resource manager data source object here to save us a malloc when loading a
    sound via the resource manager, which I *think* will be the most common scenario.
    */
#ifndef MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
    ma_resource_manager_data_source* pResourceManagerDataSource;
#endif
};

/* Structure specifically for sounds played with ma_engine_play_sound(). Making this a separate structure to reduce overhead. */
typedef struct ma_sound_inlined ma_sound_inlined;
struct ma_sound_inlined
{
    ma_sound sound;
    ma_sound_inlined* pNext;
    ma_sound_inlined* pPrev;
};

/* A sound group is just a sound. */
typedef ma_sound_config ma_sound_group_config;
typedef ma_sound        ma_sound_group;

MA_API ma_sound_group_config ma_sound_group_config_init(void);                  /* Deprecated. Will be removed in version 0.12. Use ma_sound_config_2() instead. */
MA_API ma_sound_group_config ma_sound_group_config_init_2(ma_engine* pEngine);  /* Will be renamed to ma_sound_config_init() in version 0.12. */

typedef void (* ma_engine_process_proc)(void* pUserData, float* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount);

typedef struct
{
#if !defined(MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER)
    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager;          /* Can be null in which case a resource manager will be created for you. */
#endif
#if !defined(MA_NO_DEVICE_IO)
    ma_context* pContext;
    ma_device* pDevice;                             /* If set, the caller is responsible for calling ma_engine_data_callback() in the device's data callback. */
    ma_device_id* pPlaybackDeviceID;                /* The ID of the playback device to use with the default listener. */
    ma_device_data_proc dataCallback;               /* Can be null. Can be used to provide a custom device data callback. */
    ma_device_notification_proc notificationCallback;
#endif
    ma_log* pLog;                                   /* When set to NULL, will use the context's log. */
    ma_uint32 listenerCount;                        /* Must be between 1 and MA_ENGINE_MAX_LISTENERS. */
    ma_uint32 channels;                             /* The number of channels to use when mixing and spatializing. When set to 0, will use the native channel count of the device. */
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;                           /* The sample rate. When set to 0 will use the native sample rate of the device. */
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;                   /* If set to something other than 0, updates will always be exactly this size. The underlying device may be a different size, but from the perspective of the mixer that won't matter.*/
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMilliseconds;             /* Used if periodSizeInFrames is unset. */
    ma_uint32 gainSmoothTimeInFrames;               /* The number of frames to interpolate the gain of spatialized sounds across. If set to 0, will use gainSmoothTimeInMilliseconds. */
    ma_uint32 gainSmoothTimeInMilliseconds;         /* When set to 0, gainSmoothTimeInFrames will be used. If both are set to 0, a default value will be used. */
    ma_uint32 defaultVolumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames;   /* Defaults to 0. Controls the default amount of smoothing to apply to volume changes to sounds. High values means more smoothing at the expense of high latency (will take longer to reach the new volume). */
    ma_uint32 preMixStackSizeInBytes;               /* A stack is used for internal processing in the node graph. This allows you to configure the size of this stack. Smaller values will reduce the maximum depth of your node graph. You should rarely need to modify this. */
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    ma_bool32 noAutoStart;                          /* When set to true, requires an explicit call to ma_engine_start(). This is false by default, meaning the engine will be started automatically in ma_engine_init(). */
    ma_bool32 noDevice;                             /* When set to true, don't create a default device. ma_engine_read_pcm_frames() can be called manually to read data. */
    ma_mono_expansion_mode monoExpansionMode;       /* Controls how the mono channel should be expanded to other channels when spatialization is disabled on a sound. */
    ma_vfs* pResourceManagerVFS;                    /* A pointer to a pre-allocated VFS object to use with the resource manager. This is ignored if pResourceManager is not NULL. */
    ma_engine_process_proc onProcess;               /* Fired at the end of each call to ma_engine_read_pcm_frames(). For engine's that manage their own internal device (the default configuration), this will be fired from the audio thread, and you do not need to call ma_engine_read_pcm_frames() manually in order to trigger this. */
    void* pProcessUserData;                         /* User data that's passed into onProcess. */
    ma_resampler_config resourceManagerResampling;  /* The resampling config to use with the resource manager. */
    ma_resampler_config pitchResampling;            /* The resampling config for the pitch and Doppler effects. You will typically want this to be a fast resampler. For high quality stuff, it's recommended that you pre-resample. */
} ma_engine_config;

MA_API ma_engine_config ma_engine_config_init(void);


struct ma_engine
{
    ma_node_graph nodeGraph;                        /* An engine is a node graph. It should be able to be plugged into any ma_node_graph API (with a cast) which means this must be the first member of this struct. */
#if !defined(MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER)
    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager;
#endif
#if !defined(MA_NO_DEVICE_IO)
    ma_device* pDevice;                             /* Optionally set via the config, otherwise allocated by the engine in ma_engine_init(). */
#endif
    ma_log* pLog;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_uint32 listenerCount;
    ma_spatializer_listener listeners[MA_ENGINE_MAX_LISTENERS];
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    ma_bool8 ownsResourceManager;
    ma_bool8 ownsDevice;
    ma_spinlock inlinedSoundLock;                   /* For synchronizing access to the inlined sound list. */
    ma_sound_inlined* pInlinedSoundHead;            /* The first inlined sound. Inlined sounds are tracked in a linked list. */
    MA_ATOMIC(4, ma_uint32) inlinedSoundCount;      /* The total number of allocated inlined sound objects. Used for debugging. */
    ma_uint32 gainSmoothTimeInFrames;               /* The number of frames to interpolate the gain of spatialized sounds across. */
    ma_uint32 defaultVolumeSmoothTimeInPCMFrames;
    ma_mono_expansion_mode monoExpansionMode;
    ma_engine_process_proc onProcess;
    void* pProcessUserData;
    ma_resampler_config pitchResamplingConfig;
};

MA_API ma_result ma_engine_init(const ma_engine_config* pConfig, ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API void ma_engine_uninit(ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_read_pcm_frames(ma_engine* pEngine, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead);
MA_API ma_node_graph* ma_engine_get_node_graph(ma_engine* pEngine);
#if !defined(MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER)
MA_API ma_resource_manager* ma_engine_get_resource_manager(ma_engine* pEngine);
#endif
MA_API ma_device* ma_engine_get_device(ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_log* ma_engine_get_log(ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_node* ma_engine_get_endpoint(ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_engine_get_time_in_pcm_frames(const ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_engine_get_time_in_milliseconds(const ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_set_time_in_pcm_frames(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint64 globalTime);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_set_time_in_milliseconds(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint64 globalTime);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_engine_get_time(const ma_engine* pEngine);                  /* Deprecated. Use ma_engine_get_time_in_pcm_frames(). Will be removed in version 0.12. */
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_set_time(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint64 globalTime);  /* Deprecated. Use ma_engine_set_time_in_pcm_frames(). Will be removed in version 0.12. */
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_engine_get_channels(const ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_engine_get_sample_rate(const ma_engine* pEngine);

MA_API ma_result ma_engine_start(ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_stop(ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_set_volume(ma_engine* pEngine, float volume);
MA_API float ma_engine_get_volume(ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_set_gain_db(ma_engine* pEngine, float gainDB);
MA_API float ma_engine_get_gain_db(ma_engine* pEngine);

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_engine_get_listener_count(const ma_engine* pEngine);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_engine_find_closest_listener(const ma_engine* pEngine, float absolutePosX, float absolutePosY, float absolutePosZ);
MA_API void ma_engine_listener_set_position(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_engine_listener_get_position(const ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex);
MA_API void ma_engine_listener_set_direction(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_engine_listener_get_direction(const ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex);
MA_API void ma_engine_listener_set_velocity(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_engine_listener_get_velocity(const ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex);
MA_API void ma_engine_listener_set_cone(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex, float innerAngleInRadians, float outerAngleInRadians, float outerGain);
MA_API void ma_engine_listener_get_cone(const ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex, float* pInnerAngleInRadians, float* pOuterAngleInRadians, float* pOuterGain);
MA_API void ma_engine_listener_set_world_up(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_engine_listener_get_world_up(const ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex);
MA_API void ma_engine_listener_set_enabled(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex, ma_bool32 isEnabled);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_engine_listener_is_enabled(const ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 listenerIndex);

#ifndef MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_play_sound_ex(ma_engine* pEngine, const char* pFilePath, ma_node* pNode, ma_uint32 nodeInputBusIndex);
MA_API ma_result ma_engine_play_sound(ma_engine* pEngine, const char* pFilePath, ma_sound_group* pGroup);   /* Fire and forget. */
#endif

#ifndef MA_NO_RESOURCE_MANAGER
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_init_from_file(ma_engine* pEngine, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags, ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_fence* pDoneFence, ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_init_from_file_w(ma_engine* pEngine, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 flags, ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_fence* pDoneFence, ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_init_copy(ma_engine* pEngine, const ma_sound* pExistingSound, ma_uint32 flags, ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_sound* pSound);
#endif
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_init_from_data_source(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint32 flags, ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_init_ex(ma_engine* pEngine, const ma_sound_config* pConfig, ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_uninit(ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_engine* ma_sound_get_engine(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_data_source* ma_sound_get_data_source(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_start(ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop(ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);     /* Will overwrite any scheduled stop and fade. If you want to restart the sound, first reset it with `ma_sound_reset_stop_time_and_fade()`. There are plans to make this less awkward in the future. */
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_stop_with_fade_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);   /* Will overwrite any scheduled stop and fade. If you want to restart the sound, first reset it with `ma_sound_reset_stop_time_and_fade()`. There are plans to make this less awkward in the future. */
MA_API void ma_sound_reset_start_time(ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_reset_stop_time(ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_reset_fade(ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_reset_stop_time_and_fade(ma_sound* pSound);  /* Resets fades and scheduled stop time. Does not seek back to the start. */
MA_API void ma_sound_set_volume(ma_sound* pSound, float volume);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_volume(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_pan(ma_sound* pSound, float pan);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_pan(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_pan_mode(ma_sound* pSound, ma_pan_mode panMode);
MA_API ma_pan_mode ma_sound_get_pan_mode(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_pitch(ma_sound* pSound, float pitch);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_pitch(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_spatialization_enabled(ma_sound* pSound, ma_bool32 enabled);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_is_spatialization_enabled(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_pinned_listener_index(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint32 listenerIndex);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_sound_get_pinned_listener_index(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_sound_get_listener_index(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_get_direction_to_listener(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_position(ma_sound* pSound, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_get_position(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_direction(ma_sound* pSound, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_get_direction(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_velocity(ma_sound* pSound, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_get_velocity(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_attenuation_model(ma_sound* pSound, ma_attenuation_model attenuationModel);
MA_API ma_attenuation_model ma_sound_get_attenuation_model(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_positioning(ma_sound* pSound, ma_positioning positioning);
MA_API ma_positioning ma_sound_get_positioning(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_rolloff(ma_sound* pSound, float rolloff);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_rolloff(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_min_gain(ma_sound* pSound, float minGain);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_min_gain(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_max_gain(ma_sound* pSound, float maxGain);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_max_gain(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_min_distance(ma_sound* pSound, float minDistance);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_min_distance(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_max_distance(ma_sound* pSound, float maxDistance);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_max_distance(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_cone(ma_sound* pSound, float innerAngleInRadians, float outerAngleInRadians, float outerGain);
MA_API void ma_sound_get_cone(const ma_sound* pSound, float* pInnerAngleInRadians, float* pOuterAngleInRadians, float* pOuterGain);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_doppler_factor(ma_sound* pSound, float dopplerFactor);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_doppler_factor(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_directional_attenuation_factor(ma_sound* pSound, float directionalAttenuationFactor);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_directional_attenuation_factor(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_fade_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_fade_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInMilliseconds);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_fade_start_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_fade_start_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInMilliseconds, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInMilliseconds);
MA_API float ma_sound_get_current_fade_volume(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_start_time_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_start_time_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInMilliseconds);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_stop_time_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_stop_time_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInMilliseconds);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_stop_time_with_fade_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 stopAbsoluteGlobalTimeInFrames, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_stop_time_with_fade_in_milliseconds(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 stopAbsoluteGlobalTimeInMilliseconds, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInMilliseconds);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_is_playing(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_sound_get_time_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_sound_get_time_in_milliseconds(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API void ma_sound_set_looping(ma_sound* pSound, ma_bool32 isLooping);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_is_looping(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_at_end(const ma_sound* pSound);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64 frameIndex); /* Just a wrapper around ma_data_source_seek_to_pcm_frame(). */
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_seek_to_second(ma_sound* pSound, float seekPointInSeconds); /* Abstraction to ma_sound_seek_to_pcm_frame() */
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_data_format(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound* pSound, ma_uint64* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_cursor_in_seconds(const ma_sound* pSound, float* pCursor);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_get_length_in_seconds(const ma_sound* pSound, float* pLength);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_set_end_callback(ma_sound* pSound, ma_sound_end_proc callback, void* pUserData);

MA_API ma_result ma_sound_group_init(ma_engine* pEngine, ma_uint32 flags, ma_sound_group* pParentGroup, ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_group_init_ex(ma_engine* pEngine, const ma_sound_group_config* pConfig, ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_uninit(ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API ma_engine* ma_sound_group_get_engine(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_group_start(ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API ma_result ma_sound_group_stop(ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_volume(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float volume);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_volume(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_pan(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float pan);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_pan(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_pan_mode(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_pan_mode panMode);
MA_API ma_pan_mode ma_sound_group_get_pan_mode(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_pitch(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float pitch);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_pitch(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_spatialization_enabled(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_bool32 enabled);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_group_is_spatialization_enabled(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_pinned_listener_index(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_uint32 listenerIndex);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_sound_group_get_pinned_listener_index(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API ma_uint32 ma_sound_group_get_listener_index(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_group_get_direction_to_listener(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_position(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_group_get_position(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_direction(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_group_get_direction(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_velocity(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float x, float y, float z);
MA_API ma_vec3f ma_sound_group_get_velocity(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_attenuation_model(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_attenuation_model attenuationModel);
MA_API ma_attenuation_model ma_sound_group_get_attenuation_model(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_positioning(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_positioning positioning);
MA_API ma_positioning ma_sound_group_get_positioning(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_rolloff(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float rolloff);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_rolloff(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_min_gain(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float minGain);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_min_gain(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_max_gain(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float maxGain);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_max_gain(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_min_distance(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float minDistance);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_min_distance(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_max_distance(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float maxDistance);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_max_distance(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_cone(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float innerAngleInRadians, float outerAngleInRadians, float outerGain);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_get_cone(const ma_sound_group* pGroup, float* pInnerAngleInRadians, float* pOuterAngleInRadians, float* pOuterGain);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_doppler_factor(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float dopplerFactor);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_doppler_factor(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_directional_attenuation_factor(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float directionalAttenuationFactor);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_directional_attenuation_factor(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_fade_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_fade_in_milliseconds(ma_sound_group* pGroup, float volumeBeg, float volumeEnd, ma_uint64 fadeLengthInMilliseconds);
MA_API float ma_sound_group_get_current_fade_volume(ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_start_time_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_start_time_in_milliseconds(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInMilliseconds);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_stop_time_in_pcm_frames(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInFrames);
MA_API void ma_sound_group_set_stop_time_in_milliseconds(ma_sound_group* pGroup, ma_uint64 absoluteGlobalTimeInMilliseconds);
MA_API ma_bool32 ma_sound_group_is_playing(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_sound_group_get_time_in_pcm_frames(const ma_sound_group* pGroup);
#endif  /* MA_NO_ENGINE */
/* END SECTION: miniaudio_engine.h */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif  /* miniaudio_h */

/*
This software is available as a choice of the following licenses. Choose
whichever you prefer.

===============================================================================
ALTERNATIVE 1 - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
===============================================================================
This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.

Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.

In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
this software under copyright law.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>

===============================================================================
ALTERNATIVE 2 - MIT No Attribution
===============================================================================
Copyright 2026 David Reid

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
so.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/
